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Binary code similarity detection is a fundamental technique for many security applications such as vulnerability search, patch analysis, and malware detection. There is an increasing need to detect similar code for vulnerability search…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Shouguo Yang , Long Cheng , Yicheng Zeng , Zhe Lang , Hongsong Zhu , Zhiqiang Shi

Widespread reuse of open-source code in smart contract development boosts programming efficiency but significantly amplifies bug propagation across contracts, while dedicated methods for detecting similar smart contract functions remain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Zhenguang Liu , Lixun Ma , Zhongzheng Mu , Chengkun Wei , Xiaojun Xu , Yingying Jiao , Kui Ren

Code clones are semantically similar code fragments pairs that are syntactically similar or different. Detection of code clones can help to reduce the cost of software maintenance and prevent bugs. Numerous approaches of detecting code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Wenhan Wang , Ge Li , Bo Ma , Xin Xia , Zhi Jin

The presence of software vulnerabilities is an ever-growing issue in software development. In most cases, it is desirable to detect vulnerabilities as early as possible, preferably in a just-in-time manner, when the vulnerable piece is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Tamás Aladics , Péter Hegedűs , Rudolf Ferenc

Deep learning had been used in program analysis for the prediction of hidden software defects using software defect datasets, security vulnerabilities using generative adversarial networks as well as identifying syntax errors by learning a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Venkatesh Theru Mohan , Ali Jannesari

We target the problem of automatically synthesizing proofs of semantic equivalence between two programs made of sequences of statements. We represent programs using abstract syntax trees (AST), where a given set of semantics-preserving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Steve Kommrusch , Martin Monperrus , Louis-Noël Pouchet

Code analysis is fundamental in Software Engineering, supporting debugging, optimization, and security assessment. Human developers approach it through syntax parsing, static semantics inference, and dynamic reasoning. Traditional tools are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Wei Ma , Zhihao Lin , Shangqing Liu , Qiang Hu , Ye Liu , Wenhan Wang , Cen Zhang , Liming Nie , Li Li , Yang Liu , Lingxiao Jiang

Self-Taught Reasoners (STaR), synonymously known as Rejection sampling Fine-Tuning (RFT), is an integral part of the training pipeline of self-improving reasoning Language Models (LMs). The self-improving mechanism often employs random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Woosung Koh , Wonbeen Oh , Jaein Jang , MinHyung Lee , Hyeongjin Kim , Ah Yeon Kim , Joonkee Kim , Junghyun Lee , Taehyeon Kim , Se-Young Yun

Efficiently representing source code is crucial for various software engineering tasks such as code classification and clone detection. Existing approaches primarily use Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), and only a few focus on semantic graphs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Karthik Chandra Swarna , Noble Saji Mathews , Dheeraj Vagavolu , Sridhar Chimalakonda

Background. Developers use Automated Static Analysis Tools (ASATs) to control for potential quality issues in source code, including defects and technical debt. Tool vendors have devised quite a number of tools, which makes it harder for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Valentina Lenarduzzi , Savanna Lujan , Nyyti Saarimaki , Fabio Palomba

Code summarization aims to generate brief natural language descriptions for source code. As source code is highly structured and follows strict programming language grammars, its Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) is often leveraged to inform the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Ze Tang , Chuanyi Li , Jidong Ge , Xiaoyu Shen , Zheling Zhu , Bin Luo

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) is widely applied in software engineering tasks. The effectiveness of NMT for code retrieval relies on the ability to learn from the sequence of tokens in the source language to the sequence of tokens in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Hung Phan , Ali Jannesari

Unstructured line-based merge tools are widely used in practice. Structured AST-based merge tools show significantly improved merge accuracy, but are rarely used in practice because they are language specific and costly, consequently not…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Joao Pedro Duarte , Paulo Borba , Guilherme Cavalcanti

Summarizing source code into natural language descriptions (code summarization) helps developers better understand program functionality and reduce the burden of software maintenance. Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs), as opposed to source code,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Shijia Dong , Haoruo Zhao , Paul Harvey

Phylogenetic trees are leaf-labelled trees used to model the evolution of species. In practice it is not uncommon to obtain two topologically distinct trees for the same set of species, and this motivates the use of distance measures to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-24 David Mestel , Steven Chaplick , Steven Kelk , Ruben Meuwese

Context: Software metrics, as one form of static analyses, is a commonly used approach in software engineering in order to understand the state of a software system, in particular to identify potential areas prone to defects. Family-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Sascha El-Sharkawy , Adam Krafczyk , Klaus Schmid

The code generation capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced applications like tool invocation and problem-solving. However, improving performance in code-related tasks remains challenging due to limited training data that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Houxing Ren , Zimu Lu , Weikang Shi , Haotian Hou , Yunqiao Yang , Ke Wang , Aojun Zhou , Junting Pan , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

Java static analysis frameworks are commonly compared under the assumption that analysis algorithms and configurations compose monotonically and yield semantically comparable results across tools. In this work, we show that this assumption…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Fangtian Zhong , Ollie Wold , Joseph Windmann

Programs expecting structured inputs often consist of both a syntactic analysis stage, which parses raw input, and a semantic analysis stage, which conducts checks on the parsed input and executes the core logic of the program.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Rohan Padhye , Caroline Lemieux , Koushik Sen , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon

Context: Static Application Security Testing Tools (SASTTs) identify software vulnerabilities to support the security and reliability of software applications. Interestingly, several studies have suggested that alternative solutions may be…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Matteo Esposito , Valentina Falaschi , Davide Falessi