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The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well known and challenging combinatorial optimisation problem. Its computational intractability has attracted a number of heuristic approaches to generate satisfactory, if not optimal, candidate…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2013-03-27 Jeff Jones , Andrew Adamatzky

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is among the most famous NP-hard optimization problems. We design for this problem a randomized polynomial-time algorithm that computes a (1+eps)-approximation to the optimal tour, for any fixed eps>0,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-09-09 Yair Bartal , Lee-Ad Gottlieb , Robert Krauthgamer

In the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), a list of cities and the distances between them are given. The goal is to find the shortest possible route that visits each city exactly once and returns to the original city. The TSP has a wide…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-17 Johnny Seay , Edwin Gonzalez , Stephen Lowe , Jesse Crawford , Bryant Wyatt

A fundamental variant of the classical traveling salesman problem (TSP) is the so-called multiple TSP (mTSP), where a set of $m$ salesmen jointly visit all cities from a set of $n$ cities. The mTSP models many important real-life…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-01-07 Kristóf Bérczi , Matthias Mnich , Roland Vincze

In our pursuit of quantum supremacy during the NISQ era, this research introduces a novel approach rooted in the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) framework to address the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). By strategically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 Mehdi Ramezani , Sadegh Salami , Mehdi Shokhmkar , Morteza Moradi , Alireza Bahrampour

This paper explores the application of Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) models in solving the Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) through Quantum Annealing algorithms and Graph Neural Networks. Quantum Annealing (QA), a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-01 Haoqi He

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms can help mitigating the physical limitations of current quantum devices, particularly the low qubit count and the reduced topological connectivity. In this paper, we propose a hybrid technique to solve a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Siwei Hu , Victor Lopata , Salvatore Sinno , Shruthi Thuravakkath , Paolo Zuliani

Quantum search algorithms, such as Grover's algorithm, are anticipated to efficiently solve constrained combinatorial optimization problems. However, applying these algorithms to the traveling salesman problem (TSP) on a quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Rei Sato , Gordon Cui , Kazuhiro Saito , Hideyuki Kawashima , Tetsuro Nikuni , Shohei Watabe

With applications to many disciplines, the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a classical computer science optimization problem with applications to industrial engineering, theoretical computer science, bioinformatics, and several other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-26 Yihui He , Ming Xiang

In this paper, we present a new linear programming (LP) formulation of the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). The proposed model has O(n^8) variables and O(n^7) constraints, where n is the number of cities. Our numerical experimentation…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-10-21 Moustapha Diaby

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem with wide-ranging applications in logistics, routing, and intelligent systems. Due to its factorial complexity, solving large-scale instances…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Rabab Alkhalifa , Fatima Alkhomayes , Boushra Almazroua , Dana Alhaidan , Maryam Alothman , Jumana Almuhaidib

Quantum computing is offering a novel perspective for solving combinatorial optimization problems. To fully explore the possibilities offered by quantum computers, the problems need to be formulated as unconstrained binary models, taking…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Özlem Salehi , Adam Glos , Jarosław Adam Miszczak

The Traveling Salesman Problem is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem widely studied in operations research. Despite its simple formulation, it remains computationally challenging due to the exponential growth of the search…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Alessia Ciacco , Luigi Di Puglia Pugliese , Francesca Guerriero

In this paper we present a variational algorithm for the Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) that combines (i) a compact encoding of permutations, which reduces the qubit requirement too, (ii) an optimize-freeze-reuse strategy: where the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Fabrizio Fagiolo , Nicolò Vescera

This paper studies quantum optimization baselines for the Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem (GTSP), a clustered routing problem that naturally models variant selection and sequencing problems under discrete alternatives. We propose a…

The maximum traveling salesman problem (Max TSP) consists of finding a Hamiltonian cycle with the maximum total weight of the edges in a given complete weighted graph. This problem is APX-hard in the general metric case but admits…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Vladimir Shenmaier

In this work we revisit the Hopfield-Tank algorithm for the traveling salesman problem (TSP) and report encouraging results, with a different dynamics, that makes the algorithm more efficient finding better solutions in much less…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-30 M. Argollo de Menezes , T. J. P. Penna

The NP-complete problem of the travelling salesman (TSP) is considered in the framework of quantum adiabatic computation (QAC). We first derive a remarkable lower bound for the computation time for adiabatic algorithms in general as a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tien D. Kieu

Hougardy and Schroeder (WG 2014) proposed a combinatorial technique for pruning the search space in the traveling salesman problem, establishing that, for a given instance, certain edges cannot be present in any optimal tour. We describe an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-17 William Cook , Keld Helsgaun , Stefan Hougardy , Rasmus T. Schroeder

The quadratic traveling salesperson problem (QTSP) is a generalization of the traveling salesperson problem, in which all triples of consecutive customers in a tour determine the travel cost. We propose compact optimization models for QTSP…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-30 Yuxiao Chen , Nivetha Sathish , Anubhav Singh , Ryo Kuroiwa , J. Christopher Beck