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Related papers: Swivel: Hardening WebAssembly against Spectre

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In recent years, stealthy Android malware has increasingly adopted sophisticated techniques to bypass automatic detection mechanisms and harden manual analysis. Adversaries typically rely on obfuscation, anti-repacking, steganography,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Diego Soi , Silvia Lucia Sanna , Lorenzo Pisu , Leonardo Regano , Giorgio Giacinto

WebAssembly is designed to be an alternative to JavaScript that is a safe, portable, and efficient compilation target for a variety of languages. The performance of high-level languages depends not only on the underlying performance of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Donald Pinckney , Arjun Guha , Yuriy Brun

The Spectre vulnerability in modern processors has been widely reported. The key insight in this vulnerability is that speculative execution in processors can be misused to access the secrets. Subsequently, even though the speculatively…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Guanhua Wang , Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Ivan Gotovchits , Tulika Mitra , Abhik Roychoudhury

WebAssembly (abbreviated Wasm) has emerged as a cornerstone of web development, offering a compact binary format that allows high-performance applications to run at near-native speeds in web browsers. Despite its advantages, Wasm's binary…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Xinyu She , Yanjie Zhao , Haoyu Wang

In the quest for efficiency and performance, edge-computing providers eliminate isolation boundaries between tenants, such as strict process isolation, and instead let them compute in a more lightweight multi-threaded single-process design.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Martin Schwarzl , Pietro Borrello , Andreas Kogler , Kenton Varda , Thomas Schuster , Daniel Gruss , Michael Schwarz

The increasing heterogeneity of hardware and software in the Internet of Things (IoT) poses a major challenge for the portability, maintainability and deployment of software on devices with limited resources. WebAssembly (WASM), originally…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mislav Has , Tao Xiong , Fehmi Ben Abdesslem , Mario Kušek

All major web browsers now support WebAssembly, a low-level bytecode intended to serve as a compilation target for code written in languages like C and C++. A key goal of WebAssembly is performance parity with native code; previous work…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Abhinav Jangda , Bobby Powers , Emery Berger , Arjun Guha

WebAssembly is revolutionizing the approach to developing modern applications. Although this technology was born to create portable and performant modules in web browsers, currently, its capabilities are extensively exploited in multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Gaetano Perrone , Simon Pietro Romano

Web client fingerprinting has become a widely used technique for uniquely identifying users, browsers, operating systems, and devices with high accuracy. While it is beneficial for applications such as fraud detection and personalized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Mordechai Guri , Dor Fibert

As Internet censors rapidly evolve new blocking techniques, circumvention tools must also adapt and roll out new strategies to remain unblocked. But new strategies can be time consuming for circumventors to develop and deploy, and usually…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Erik Chi , Gaukas Wang , J. Alex Halderman , Eric Wustrow , Jack Wampler

Serverless computing at the edge requires lightweight execution environments to minimize cold start latency, especially in Urgent Edge Computing (UEC). This paper compares WebAssembly and unikernel-based MicroVMs for serverless workloads.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Valerio Besozzi , Enrico Fiasco , Marco Danelutto , Patrizio Dazzi

Most programs compiled to WebAssembly (Wasm) today are written in unsafe languages like C and C++. Unfortunately, memory-unsafe C code remains unsafe when compiled to Wasm -- and attackers can exploit buffer overflows and use-after-frees in…

WebAssembly (Wasm) has become a key compilation target for portable and efficient execution across diverse platforms. Benchmarking its performance, however, is a multi-dimensional challenge: it depends not only on the choice of runtime…

Performance · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Riccardo Carissimi , Ben L. Titzer

Containerization approaches based on namespaces offered by the Linux kernel have seen an increasing popularity in the HPC community both as a means to isolate applications and as a format to package and distribute them. However, their…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Mohak Chadha , Nils Krueger , Jophin John , Anshul Jindal , Michael Gerndt , Shajulin Benedict

New speculation-based attacks that affect large numbers of modern systems are disclosed regularly. Currently, CPU vendors regularly fall back to heavy-handed mitigations like using barriers or enforcing strict programming guidelines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ali Hajiabadi , Archit Agarwal , Andreas Diavastos , Trevor E. Carlson

WebAssembly (WASM) is an immensely versatile and increasingly popular compilation target. It executes applications written in several languages (e.g., C/C++) with near-native performance in various domains (e.g., mobile, edge, cloud).…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Martin Fink , Dimitrios Stavrakakis , Dennis Sprokholt , Soham Chakraborty , Jan-Erik Ekberg , Pramod Bhatotia

WebAssembly's (Wasm) monolithic linear memory model facilitates memory corruption attacks that can escalate to cross-site scripting in browsers or go undetected when a malicious host tampers with a module's state. Existing defenses rely on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Oussama Draissi , Mark Günzel , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Lucas Davi

The security of modern JavaScript (JS) engines is critical since they provide the primary defense mechanism for executing untrusted code on the web. The recent integration of WebAssembly (Wasm) has transformed these engines into complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Lingming Zhang , Binbin Zhao , Puzhuo Liu , Qinge Xie , Peng Di , Jianhai Chen , Shouling Ji

Transient execution side-channel attacks, such as Spectre, have been shown to break almost all isolation primitives. We introduce a new security property we call relaxed microarchitectural isolation (RMI) that allows sensitive programs that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Jules Drean , Miguel Gomez-Garcia , Fisher Jepsen , Thomas Bourgeat , Srinivas Devadas

Spectre v1 attacks pose a substantial threat to security-critical software, particularly cryptographic implementations. Existing software mitigations, however, often introduce excessive overhead by indiscriminately hardening instructions…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yiming Zhu , Wenchao Huang , Yan Xiong