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Open domain dialog systems face the challenge of being repetitive and producing generic responses. In this paper, we demonstrate that by conditioning the response generation on interpretable discrete dialog attributes and composed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Chinnadhurai Sankar , Sujith Ravi

We present a method for combining multi-agent communication and traditional data-driven approaches to natural language learning, with an end goal of teaching agents to communicate with humans in natural language. Our starting point is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Angeliki Lazaridou , Anna Potapenko , Olivier Tieleman

Natural language has long enabled human cooperation, but its lossy, ambiguous, and indirect nature limits the potential of collective intelligence. While machines are not subject to these constraints, most LLM-based multi-agent systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yujia Zheng , Zhuokai Zhao , Zijian Li , Yaqi Xie , Mingze Gao , Lizhu Zhang , Kun Zhang

Humans use language to collectively execute abstract strategies besides using it as a referential tool for identifying physical entities. Recently, multiple attempts at replicating the process of emergence of language in artificial agents…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Shubham Gupta , Ambedkar Dukkipati

With the rapid evolution of wireless mobile devices, there emerges an increased need to design effective collaboration mechanisms between intelligent agents, so as to gradually approach the final collective objective through continuously…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Xing Xu , Rongpeng Li , Zhifeng Zhao , Honggang Zhang

Utilizing messages from teammates can improve coordination in cooperative Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Previous works typically combine raw messages of teammates with local information as inputs for policy. However, neglecting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Cong Guan , Feng Chen , Lei Yuan , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu

There is growing interest in studying the languages that emerge when neural agents are jointly trained to solve tasks requiring communication through a discrete channel. We investigate here the information-theoretic complexity of such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Eugene Kharitonov , Rahma Chaabouni , Diane Bouchacourt , Marco Baroni

We consider multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for cooperative communication and coordination tasks. MARL agents can be brittle because they can overfit their training partners' policies. This overfitting can produce agents that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Tessa van der Heiden , Herke van Hoof , Efstratios Gavves , Christoph Salge

Information exchange in multi-agent systems improves the cooperation among agents, especially in partially observable settings. In the real world, communication is often carried out over imperfect channels. This requires agents to handle…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Jannis Weil , Gizem Ekinci , Heinz Koeppl , Tobias Meuser

Collective human knowledge has clearly benefited from the fact that innovations by individuals are taught to others through communication. Similar to human social groups, agents in distributed learning systems would likely benefit from…

Recent advancements in deep learning techniques have opened new possibilities for designing solutions for autonomous cyber defence. Teams of intelligent agents in computer network defence roles may reveal promising avenues to safeguard…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Jacob Wiebe , Ranwa Al Mallah , Li Li

Multi-agent reinforcement learning offers a way to study how communication could emerge in communities of agents needing to solve specific problems. In this paper, we study the emergence of communication in the negotiation environment, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Kris Cao , Angeliki Lazaridou , Marc Lanctot , Joel Z Leibo , Karl Tuyls , Stephen Clark

Communication is a key component in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for mitigating partial observability, yet prior approaches often rely on inefficient information exchange or fail to transmit sufficient state information. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sangjun Bae , Yisak Park , Sanghyeon Lee , Seungyul Han

While semantic communication succeeds in efficiently transmitting due to the strong capability to extract the essential semantic information, it is still far from the intelligent or human-like communications. In this paper, we introduce an…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-23 Huiqiang Xie , Zhijin Qin , Geoffrey Ye Li

Emergent communication offers insight into how agents develop shared structured representations, yet most research assumes homogeneous modalities or aligned representational spaces, overlooking the perceptual heterogeneity of real-world…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Naomi Pitzer , Daniela Mihai

This paper explores a novel approach to achieving emergent compositional communication in multi-agent systems. We propose a training regime implementing template transfer, the idea of carrying over learned biases across contexts. In our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Tomasz Korbak , Julian Zubek , Łukasz Kuciński , Piotr Miłoś , Joanna Rączaszek-Leonardi

We discuss the problem of decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in this work. In our setting, the global state, action, and reward are assumed to be fully observable, while the local policy is protected as privacy by each…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Kuo Li , Qing-Shan Jia

Inspired by previous work on emergent communication in referential games, we propose a novel multi-modal, multi-step referential game, where the sender and receiver have access to distinct modalities of an object, and their information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Katrina Evtimova , Andrew Drozdov , Douwe Kiela , Kyunghyun Cho

Developing a dialogue agent that is capable of making autonomous decisions and communicating by natural language is one of the long-term goals of machine learning research. Traditional approaches either rely on hand-crafting a small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Tsung-Hsien Wen , Yishu Miao , Phil Blunsom , Steve Young

Empathy is central to human connection, yet people often struggle to express it effectively. In blinded evaluations, large language models (LLMs) generate responses that are often judged more empathic than human-written ones. Yet when a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aakriti Kumar , Nalin Poungpeth , Diyi Yang , Bruce Lambert , Matthew Groh