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Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a widely used algorithm in machine learning, particularly for neural network training. Recent studies on SGD for canonical quadratic optimization or linear regression show it attains well generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Haihan Zhang , Yuanshi Liu , Qianwen Chen , Cong Fang

Inverse problems are paramount in Science and Engineering. In this paper, we consider the setup of Statistical Inverse Problem (SIP) and demonstrate how Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithms can be used in the linear SIP setting. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-29 Yuri R. Fonseca , Yuri F. Saporito

In this paper we analyze the behaviour of the stochastic gradient descent (SGD), a widely used method in supervised learning for optimizing neural network weights via a minimization of non-convex loss functions. Since the pioneering work of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Davide Barbieri , Matteo Bonforte , Peio Ibarrondo

The concept of learning to optimize involves utilizing a trainable optimization strategy rather than relying on manually defined full gradient estimations such as ADAM. We present a framework that jointly trains the full gradient estimator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ruiqi Wang , Diego Klabjan

The largely successful method of training neural networks is to learn their weights using some variant of stochastic gradient descent (SGD). Here, we show that the solutions found by SGD can be further improved by ensembling a subset of the…

The stochastic gradient descent (SGD) method and its variants are algorithms of choice for many Deep Learning tasks. These methods operate in a small-batch regime wherein a fraction of the training data, say $32$-$512$ data points, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-13 Nitish Shirish Keskar , Dheevatsa Mudigere , Jorge Nocedal , Mikhail Smelyanskiy , Ping Tak Peter Tang

Setting the learning rate (LR) for a deep learning model is a critical part of successful training. Choosing LRs is often done empirically with trial and error. In this work, we explore a solvable model of optimal LR schedules for a…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-05-11 Blake Bordelon , Francesco Mori

Neural network optimization remains one of the most consequential yet poorly understood challenges in modern AI research, where improvements in training algorithms can lead to enhanced feature learning in foundation models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ansh Nagwekar

Understanding the algorithmic bias of \emph{stochastic gradient descent} (SGD) is one of the key challenges in modern machine learning and deep learning theory. Most of the existing works, however, focus on \emph{very small or even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Jingfeng Wu , Difan Zou , Vladimir Braverman , Quanquan Gu

Training deep neural networks with stochastic gradient descent (SGD) can often achieve zero training loss on real-world tasks although the optimization landscape is known to be highly non-convex. To understand the success of SGD for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-15 Yiping Lu , Chao Ma , Yulong Lu , Jianfeng Lu , Lexing Ying

It is known that the standard stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimization method, as well as accelerated and adaptive SGD optimization methods such as the Adam optimizer fail to converge if the learning rates do not converge to zero (as,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Steffen Dereich , Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert

Minimax optimal convergence rates for classes of stochastic convex optimization problems are well characterized, where the majority of results utilize iterate averaged stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with polynomially decaying step sizes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Rong Ge , Sham M. Kakade , Rahul Kidambi , Praneeth Netrapalli

Stochastic descent methods (of the gradient and mirror varieties) have become increasingly popular in optimization. In fact, it is now widely recognized that the success of deep learning is not only due to the special deep architecture of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Navid Azizan , Babak Hassibi

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is one of the simplest and most popular stochastic optimization methods. While it has already been theoretically studied for decades, the classical analysis usually required non-trivial smoothness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-01-01 Ohad Shamir , Tong Zhang

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a pillar of modern machine learning, serving as the go-to optimization algorithm for a diverse array of problems. While the empirical success of SGD is often attributed to its computational efficiency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-16 Courtney Paquette , Elliot Paquette , Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington

Understanding the training dynamics of deep learning models is perhaps a necessary step toward demystifying the effectiveness of these models. In particular, how do data from different classes gradually become separable in their feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Jiayao Zhang , Hua Wang , Weijie J. Su

We present a convergence rate analysis for biased stochastic gradient descent (SGD), where individual gradient updates are corrupted by computation errors. We develop stochastic quadratic constraints to formulate a small linear matrix…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Bin Hu , Peter Seiler , Laurent Lessard

The theory of stochastic approximations form the theoretical foundation for studying convergence properties of many popular recursive learning algorithms in statistics, machine learning and statistical physics. Large deviations for…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-02-05 Henrik Hult , Adam Lindhe , Pierre Nyquist , Guo-Jhen Wu

When simulating multiscale stochastic differential equations (SDEs) in high-dimensions, separation of timescales, stochastic noise and high-dimensionality can make simulations prohibitively expensive. The computational cost is dictated by…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2015-10-13 Miles Crosskey , Mauro Maggioni

In this work, we study the approximation of expected values of functional quantities on the solution of a stochastic differential equation (SDE), where we replace the Monte Carlo estimation with the evaluation of a deep neural network. Once…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-02-18 Thomas Gerstner , Bastian Harrach , Daniel Roth , Martin Simon
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