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As stellar compositions evolve over time in the Milky Way, so will the resulting planet populations. In order to place planet formation in the context of Galactic chemical evolution, we make use of a large ($N = 5\,325$) stellar sample…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-11 Jesper Nielsen , Matthew Raymond Gent , Maria Bergemann , Philipp Eitner , Anders Johansen

Analysis of the statistical properties of exoplanets, together with those of their host stars, are providing a unique view into the process of planet formation and evolution. In this paper we explore the properties of the mass distribution…

The host stars of extrasolar planets tend to be metal-rich. We have examined the data for these stars for evidence of trends in other galactic parameters, without success. However, several ESP hosts are likely to be members of the thick…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 I. N. Reid

We reconsider the commonly held assumption that warm debris disks are tracers of terrestrial planet formation. The high occurrence rate inferred for Earth-mass planets around mature solar-type stars based on exoplanet surveys (roughly 20%)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-02-22 Scott J. Kenyon , Joan R. Najita , Benjamin C. Bromley

The discovery of now about 20 extrasolar planets orbiting solar-type stars with properties quite different from those in our Solar System has raised many questions about the formation and evolution of planets. The tidal interaction between…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Willy Kley

It is reasonable to assume that the structure of a planet and the interior distribution of its components are determined by its formation history. We thus follow the growth of a planet from a small embryo through its subsequent evolution.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-03 Michael Lozovsky , Dina Prialnik , Morris Podolak

Gas-giant exoplanets are test cases for theories of planet formation as their atmospheres are proposed to carry signatures of their formation within the protoplanetary disk. The metallicity and C/O are key diagnostics, allowing to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-14 Catherine Walsh

The formation and evolution of planetary systems are linked to their host stellar environment. In this study, we employ a pebble accretion-based planet population synthesis model to explore the correlation between planetary properties and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-02 Mengrui Pan , Beibei Liu , Linjie Jiang , Jiwei Xie , Wei Zhu , Ignasi Ribas

Kepler planets (including super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, from 1 to 4 Earth radii) are likely formed before the gaseous proto-planetary disks have dissipated, as are the Jovian planets. If the metal content in these disks resembles that in…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-03 Taylor Kutra , Yanqin Wu , Yansong Qian

The composition of the protoplanetary disc is linked to the composition of the host star, where a higher overall metallicity of the host star provides more building blocks for planets. However, most planet formation simulations only link…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-25 Bertram Bitsch , Chiara Battistini

The compositions of stars and planets are connected, yet, the definition of "habitability" and the "habitable zone" only take into account the physical relationship between the star and planet. Planets, however, are made truly habitable by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-07 Natalie Hinkel , Cayman Unterborn

The bulk compositions of small planets ($R_p< 2 \mathrm{R}_\oplus$) are directly linked to their formation histories, making reliable compositional constraints imperative for testing models of planet formation and evolution. Because…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Joseph Schulze , Natalie Hinkel , Wendy Panero , Cayman Unterborn

Exoplanets are typically thought to form in protoplanetary disks left over from protostellar disk of their newly formed host star. However, additional planetary formation and evolution routes may exist in old evolved binary systems. Here we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Hagai B. Perets

Exoplanets are detected around stars of different ages and birthplaces within the Galaxy. The aim of this work is to infer the Galactic birth radii ($r_\text{birth}$) of stars and, consequently, their planets, with the ultimate goal of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-22 Joana Teixeira , Vardan Adibekyan , Diego Bossini

We use new interior models of cold planets to investigate the mass-radius relationships of solid exoplanets, considering planets made primarily of iron, silicates, water, and carbon compounds. We find that the mass-radius relationships for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. Seager , M. Kuchner , C. Hier-Majumder , B. Militzer

Nine extrasolar planets with masses between 110 and 430M are known to transit their star. The knowledge of their masses and radii allows an estimate of their composition, but uncertainties on equations of state, opacities and possible…

To understand the role that planet formation history has on the observable atmospheric carbon-to-oxygen ratio (C/O) we have produced a population of astrochemically evolving protoplanetary disks. Based on the parameters used in a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-04 Alex J. Cridland , Ewine F. van Dishoeck , Matthew Alessi , Ralph E. Pudritz

The architecture of exoplanetary systems is often different from the solar system, with some exoplanets being in close orbits around their host stars and having orbital periods of only a few days. In analogy to interactions between stars in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-15 Katja Poppenhaeger

While giant planet occurrence rates increase with stellar mass, occurrence rates of close-in super-Earths decrease. This is in contradiction to the expectation that the total mass of the planets in a system scale with the protoplanetary…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-30 David Vallet , Anna C. Childs , Rebecca G. Martin , Mario Livio , Stephen Lepp

Massive exoplanets are observed preferentially around high metallicity ([Fe/H]) stars while low-mass exoplanets do not show such an effect. This so-called planet-metallicity correlation generally favors the idea that most observed gas…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Yasuhiro Hasegawa , Ralph E. Pudritz