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Efficient inference is critical for deploying deep learning models on edge AI devices. Low-bit quantization (e.g., 3- and 4-bit) with fixed-point arithmetic improves efficiency, while low-power memory technologies like analog nonvolatile…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Anmol Biswas , Raghav Singhal , Sivakumar Elangovan , Shreyas Sabnis , Udayan Ganguly

Quantization is a crucial technique for deploying deep learning models on resource-constrained devices, such as embedded FPGAs. Prior efforts mostly focus on quantizing matrix multiplications, leaving other layers like BatchNorm or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Dingyi Dai , Yichi Zhang , Jiahao Zhang , Zhanqiu Hu , Yaohui Cai , Qi Sun , Zhiru Zhang

Quantization is a technique for reducing deep neural networks (DNNs) training and inference times, which is crucial for training in resource constrained environments or applications where inference is time critical. State-of-the-art (SOTA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Lorenz Kummer , Kevin Sidak , Tabea Reichmann , Wilfried Gansterer

Fixed-point (FXP) inference has proven suitable for embedded devices with limited computational resources, and yet model training is continually performed in floating-point (FLP). FXP training has not been fully explored and the non-trivial…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-08 Sashank Macha , Om Oza , Alex Escott , Francesco Caliva , Robbie Armitano , Santosh Kumar Cheekatmalla , Sree Hari Krishnan Parthasarathi , Yuzong Liu

Neural networks commonly execute on hardware accelerators such as NPUs and GPUs for their size and computation overhead. These accelerators are costly and it is hard to scale their resources to handle real-time workload fluctuations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Jaemin Kim , Hongjun Um , Sungkyun Kim , Yongjun Park , Jiwon Seo

Quantization is an effective technique to reduce memory footprint, inference latency, and power consumption of deep learning models. However, existing quantization methods suffer from accuracy degradation compared to full-precision (FP)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Zheng Wang , Juncheng B Li , Shuhui Qu , Florian Metze , Emma Strubell

Quantization is essential for reducing the computational cost and memory usage of deep neural networks, enabling efficient inference on low-precision hardware. Despite the growing adoption of uniform and floating-point quantization schemes,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Mehmet Aktukmak , Daniel Huang , Ke Ding

In recent years increasingly complex architectures for deep convolution networks (DCNs) have been proposed to boost the performance on image recognition tasks. However, the gains in performance have come at a cost of substantial increase in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-03 Darryl D. Lin , Sachin S. Talathi , V. Sreekanth Annapureddy

Large-scale autoregressive models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in image generation. However, their sequential raster-scan decoding relies on strictly next-token prediction, making inference prohibitively expensive. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Junkang Zhou , Yefei He , Feng Chen , Weijie Wang , Bohan Zhuang

To address the high sampling cost of Diffusion Transformers (DiTs), feature caching offers a training-free acceleration method. However, existing methods rely on hand-crafted forecasting formulas that fail under aggressive skipping. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zhirong Shen , Rui Huang , Jiacheng Liu , Chang Zou , Peiliang Cai , Shikang Zheng , Zhengyi Shi , Liang Feng , Linfeng Zhang

Conventional hardware-friendly quantization methods, such as fixed-point or integer, tend to perform poorly at very low word sizes as their shrinking dynamic ranges cannot adequately capture the wide data distributions commonly seen in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Thierry Tambe , En-Yu Yang , Zishen Wan , Yuntian Deng , Vijay Janapa Reddi , Alexander Rush , David Brooks , Gu-Yeon Wei

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have demonstrated their effectiveness in a wide range of computer vision tasks, with the state-of-the-art results obtained through complex and deep structures that require intensive computation and memory.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Ahmad Shawahna , Sadiq M. Sait , Aiman El-Maleh , Irfan Ahmad

Deep learning has emerged as a powerful method for extracting valuable information from large volumes of data. However, when new training data arrives continuously (i.e., is not fully available from the beginning), incremental training…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Thomas Bouvier , Bogdan Nicolae , Hugo Chaugier , Alexandru Costan , Ian Foster , Gabriel Antoniu

Deep learning as a means to inferencing has proliferated thanks to its versatility and ability to approach or exceed human-level accuracy. These computational models have seemingly insatiable appetites for computational resources not only…

Ubiquitous wearable and mobile devices provide access to a diverse set of data. However, the mobility demand for our devices naturally imposes constraints on their computational and communication capabilities. A solution is to locally learn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Fan Mo , Mohammad Malekzadeh , Soumyajit Chatterjee , Fahim Kawsar , Akhil Mathur

Quantization-aware training (QAT) schemes have been shown to achieve near-full precision accuracy. They accomplish this by training a quantized model for multiple epochs. This is computationally expensive, mainly because of the full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Saleh Ashkboos , Bram Verhoef , Torsten Hoefler , Evangelos Eleftheriou , Martino Dazzi

We introduce a reinforcement learning algorithm designed to identify the fixed points of a given quantum operation. The method iteratively constructs the unitary transformation that maps the computational basis onto the basis of fixed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-25 María Laura Olivera-Atencio , Jesús Casado-Pascual , Denis Lacroix

Deep neural networks have achieved state-of-the-art results in a wide range of applications, from natural language processing and computer vision to speech recognition. However, as tasks become increasingly complex, model sizes continue to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Tomer Gafni , Asaf Karnieli , Yair Hanani

While advancements in quantization have significantly reduced the computational costs of inference in deep learning, training still predominantly relies on complex floating-point arithmetic. Low-precision fixed-point training presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Hassan Hamad , Yuou Qiu , Peter A. Beerel , Keith M. Chugg

Specialized edge accelerators rely on low-bit quantization, but vendor compilers differ in scaling, clipping, and kernel support, often as black boxes. The same floating-point (FP) checkpoint can therefore yield inconsistent accuracy across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Rayen Dhahri , Steffen Urban
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