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The phase-field method is used as a basis to develop a strictly mass conserving, yet simple, model for simulation of two-phase flow. The model is aimed to be applied for the study of structure evolution in metallic foams. In this regard,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 Samad Vakili , Ingo Steinbach , Fathollah Varnik

In this study, we develop an interface-contact simulation framework based on physical criteria and machine-learning-assisted classification to describe coalescence and bouncing within a unified formulation. The framework realizes…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-05-18 J. H. Xu , Z. L. Wang

When two liquid drops touch, a microscopic connecting liquid bridge forms and rapidly grows as the two drops merge into one. Whereas coalescence has been thoroughly studied when drops coalesce in vacuum or air, many important situations…

In classical fluids, the Weber number is a dimensionless parameter that characterises the flow of a multi-phase fluid. The superfluid analogy of a classical multi-phase fluid can be realised in a system of two or more immiscible…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2024-06-11 Jake McMillan , Thomas A Flynn , Ryan Doran

Bubble coalescence can promote bubble departure at much smaller sizes compared to buoyancy. This can critically enhance the efficiency of gas-evolving electrochemical processes, such as water electrolysis. In this study, we integrate…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-10-30 Çayan Demirkır , Rui Yang , Aleksandr Bashkatov , Vatsal Sanjay , Detlef Lohse , Dominik Krug

The formation and entrapment of gas bubbles during solidification significantly influence the microstructure and mechanical properties of materials, from metallic alloys to ice. While gas segregation at the solidification front is…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-14 Bastien Isabella , Cécile Monteux , Sylvain Deville

We present accurate measurements of the relative motion and deformation of two large bubbles released consecutively in a quiescent liquid confined in a thin-gap cell. Though the second bubble injected is smaller, we observed that in all…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-09-13 Sander G. Huisman , Patricia Ern , Véronique Roig

The coalescence of two liquid drops surrounded by a viscous gas is considered in the framework of the conventional model. The problem is solved numerically with particular attention to resolving the very initial stage of the process which…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-22 James E. Sprittles , Yulii D. Shikhmurzaev

The familiar process of bubbles generated via breaking waves in the ocean is foundational to many natural and industrial applications. In this process, large pockets of entrained gas are successively fragmented by the ambient turbulence…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-03-19 Yinghe Qi , Xu Xu , Shiyong Tan , Shijie Zhong , Qianwen Wu , Rui Ni

Bubble-particle collisions in turbulence are central to a variety of processes such as froth flotation. Despite their importance, details of the collision process have not received much attention yet. This is compounded by the sometimes…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-16 Timothy T. K. Chan , Chong Shen Ng , Dominik Krug

Knowledge of bubble and drop size distributions in two-phase flows is important for characterizing a wide range of phenomena, including combustor ignition, sonar communication, and cloud formation. The physical mechanisms driving the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-01-28 Wai Hong Ronald Chan , Michael S. Dodd , Perry L. Johnson , Parviz Moin

Population balance framework is a useful tool that can be used to describe size distribution of droplets in a liquid-liquid dispersion. Breakup and coalescence models provide closures for mathematical formulation of the population balance…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-11-25 Marcin Traczyk , Robert Sawko , Chris Thompson

The handling of topology changes in two-phase flows, such as breakup or coalescence of interfaces, with front tracking is a well-known problem that requires an additional effort to perform explicit manipulations of the Lagrangian front. In…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-09-04 Gabriele Gennari , Christian Gorges , Fabian Denner , Berend van Wachem

The parametric behavior of regular periodic arrays of rising bubbles is investigated with the aid of 2-dimensional BGK Lattice-Boltzmann (LB) simulators. The Recursive Projection Method is implemented and coupled to the LB simulators,…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Theodoropoulos , K. Sankaranarayanan , S. Sundaresan , I. G. Kevrekidis

In water electrolysis, bubbles form on the electrode and interact through processes such as collision and coalescence. However, the impact of bubble coalescence a fundamental process governing electrolytic bubble behaviour-on electrolysis…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-11-06 Tao Wu , Bo Liu , Haohao Hao , Fang Yuan , Yu Zhang , Huanshu Tan , Qiang Yang

When two bubbles submerged in a liquid are brought closely together, the intermediate liquid film separating the bubbles begins to drain. Once the film ruptures, the bubbles coalesce and form a neck that expands with time. The dynamics of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-05-03 Alexandros T. Oratis , Vincent Bertin , Jacco H. Snoeijer

The modelling of bubble-particle collisions is crucial to improving the efficiency of industrial processes such as froth flotation. Although such systems usually have turbulent flows and the bubbles are typically much larger than the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-18 Timothy T. K. Chan , Linfeng Jiang , Dominik Krug

Detailed understanding of two-phase gas liquid flows is imperative for developing efficient multi-phase reactors through precise control of mixing and reaction kinetics. The bubble column is a good apparatus for elementary studies of such…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2013-10-14 Sharad Chand Ravinuthala , Ismail Celik

To accelerate the scale-up of gaseous CO2 fermentation reactors, computational models need to predict gas-to-liquid mass transfer which requires capturing the bubble size dynamics, i.e. bubble breakup and coalescence. However, the…

The collision kernel of droplets in warm clouds is a crucially important quantity for the parameterization of precipitation in weather and climate models. Nevertheless, its accurate representation remains a challenge, specifically in the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-03-16 L. A. Codispoti , Daniel W. Meyer , Patrick Jenny
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