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To address system frequency challenges driven by the integration of renewable generation, advanced control strategies are designed at the device level to provide effective frequency support following disturbances. However, typically relying…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-16 Zhongda Chu , Fei Teng

The next generation network aims to efficiently deploy low cost and low power cellular base station in the subscriber's home environment. For the femtocell deployment, frequency allocation among femtocells and macrocell is big concern to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Mostafa Zaman Chowdhury , Yeong Min Jang , Zygmunt J. Haas

The electrical power network is gradually migrating from a centralized generation approach to a decentralized generation with high shares of renewable energy sources (RES). However, power systems with low shares of synchronous generation…

The power system frequency is important for the system overall stability. However, there does not exist a single measurement point of the system frequency due to the distributed nature of the system inertia and the small inconsistency of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-23 Shutang You , Hongyu Li , Shengyuan Liu , Kaiqi Sun , Weikang Wang , Wei Qiu , Yilu Liu

The synchronized operation of power generators is the foundation of electric power network stability and a key to the prevention of undesired power outages and blackouts. Here, we derive the conditions that guarantee synchronization in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-01 Amirhossein Sajadi , Rick Wallace Kenyon , Bri-Mathias Hodge

Shifting our electricity generation from fossil fuel to renewable energy sources introduces large fluctuations to the power system. Here, we demonstrate how increased fluctuations, reduced damping and reduced intertia may undermine the…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2017-06-14 Benjamin Schäfer , Moritz Matthiae , Xiaozhu Zhang , Martin Rohden , Marc Timme , Dirk Witthaut

Reliable grid operation depends on accurate and timely telemetry, making modern power systems vulnerable to communication layer cyberattacks. This paper evaluates how Denial of Service (DoS), Denial of Data (DoD), and False Data Injection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Manuella Christelle Tossa , Fernando Madrigal , Ryan Blosser , Asma Jodeiri Akbarfam

A theorem that describes the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) outage behavior of fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (FGAF) relay systems is given. Qualitatively, the theorem states that the outage probability decays according to a power law,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Justin P. Coon

This paper presents an integration study for a power electronic-based fast-frequency response technology, an asynchronous grid connection operating as an aggregator for behindthe-meter resources and distributed generators. Both technical…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Felix Wald , Amir Sajadi , Barry Mather , Giovanni De Carne

In this paper, frequency dynamics in modern power systems with a high penetration of converter-based generation is analysed. A fundamental analysis of the frequency dynamics is performed to identify the limitations and challenges when the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-26 Carlos Collados-Rodriguez , Daniel Westerman Spier , Marc Cheah-Mane , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

An increase in the integration of Inverter Based Resources (IBRs) to the electric grid, will lead to a corresponding decrease in the amount of connected synchronous generators, resulting in a decline in the available rotational inertia…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-31 Atinuke Ademola-Idowu , Baosen Zhang

As power systems transit to a state of high renewable penetration, little or no presence of synchronous generators makes the prerequisite of well-regulated frequency for grid-following inverters unrealistic. Thus, there is a trend to resort…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-16 Yan Jiang , Andrey Bernstein , Petr Vorobev , Enrique Mallada

Power systems are shifted from conventional bulk generation toward renewable generation. This trend leads to the frequency security problem due to the decline of system inertia. On the other hand, natural gas-fired units are frequently…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Lun Yang , Yinliang Xu , Jianguo Zhou , Hongbin Sun

In this paper, low-order models of the frequency and voltage response of mixed-generation, low-inertia systems are presented. These models are unique in their ability to efficiently and accurately model frequency and voltage dynamics…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-07 Marena Trujillo , Amir Sajadi , Jonathan Shaw , Bri-Mathias Hodge

The integration of inverter-interfaced generators introduces new instability phenomena into modern power systems. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of two widely used droop-based grid-forming controls, namely droop control and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-28 Meng Chen , Yufei Xi , Lin Cheng , Xiongfei Wang , Ioannis Lestas

The paper discusses fast frequency control in bulk power systems using embedded networks of grid-forming energy storage resources. Differing from their traditional roles of regulating reserves, the storage resources in this work operate as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Kaustav Chatterjee , Ramij Raja Hossain , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Diane Baldwin , Ronald Melton

Frequency control rebalances supply and demand while maintaining the network state within operational margins. It is implemented using fast ramping reserves that are expensive and wasteful, and which are expected to grow with the increasing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-19 Enrique Mallada , Changhong Zhao , Steven H. Low

Graph signal processing (GSP) has emerged as a powerful tool for practical network applications, including power system monitoring. Recent research has focused on developing GSP-based methods for state estimation, attack detection, and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Gal Morgenstern , Jip Kim , James Anderson , Gil Zussman , Tirza Routtenberg

Advanced microgrids consisting of distributed energy resources interfaced with multi-inverter systems are becoming more common. Consequently, the effectiveness of voltage and frequency regulation in microgrids using conventional droop-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Sourav Patel , Soham Chakraborty , Blake Lundstrom , Srinivasa Salapaka , Murti V. Salapaka

Smart metering networks are increasingly susceptible to cyber threats, where false data injection (FDI) appears as a critical attack. Data-driven-based machine learning (ML) methods have shown immense benefits in detecting FDI attacks via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Md Raihan Uddin , Ratun Rahman , Dinh C. Nguyen
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