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Continuous-time models provide important insights into the training dynamics of optimization algorithms in deep learning. In this work, we establish a non-asymptotic convergence analysis of stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Noah Oberweis , Semih Cayci

Autoregressive generative models are commonly used, especially for those tasks involving sequential data. They have, however, been plagued by a slew of inherent flaws due to the intrinsic characteristics of chain-style conditional modeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Yezhen Wang , Tong Che , Bo Li , Kaitao Song , Hengzhi Pei , Yoshua Bengio , Dongsheng Li

We employ constraints to control the parameter space of deep neural networks throughout training. The use of customized, appropriately designed constraints can reduce the vanishing/exploding gradients problem, improve smoothness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Benedict Leimkuhler , Tiffany Vlaar , Timothée Pouchon , Amos Storkey

Latent space Energy-Based Models (EBMs), also known as energy-based priors, have drawn growing interests in the field of generative modeling due to its flexibility in the formulation and strong modeling power of the latent space. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Peiyu Yu , Yaxuan Zhu , Sirui Xie , Xiaojian Ma , Ruiqi Gao , Song-Chun Zhu , Ying Nian Wu

Energy-Based Models (EBMs) are an important class of probabilistic models, also known as random fields and undirected graphical models. EBMs are un-normalized and thus radically different from other popular self-normalized probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Zhijian Ou

Energy-based models (EBMs) provide a powerful and flexible way of learning a joint probability distribution over data by constructing an energy surface. This energy surface enables insight extraction and conditional sampling. We apply EBMs…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Phil Travis , Troy Carter

Mixed linear regression (MLR) model is among the most exemplary statistical tools for modeling non-linear distributions using a mixture of linear models. When the additive noise in MLR model is Gaussian, Expectation-Maximization (EM)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-14 Babak Barazandeh , Ali Ghafelebashi , Meisam Razaviyayn , Ram Sriharsha

Deep directed generative models have attracted much attention recently due to their expressive representation power and the ability of ancestral sampling. One major difficulty of learning directed models with many latent variables is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-16 Siqi Nie , Qiang Ji

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown immense potential in fields such as text and image generation. Only very recently attempts to exploit GANs to statistical-mechanics models have been reported. Here we quantitatively test…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-05-07 Daniele Lanzoni , Olivier Pierre-Louis , Francesco Montalenti

We examine Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) through the lens of deep Energy Based Models (EBMs), with the goal of exploiting the density model that follows from this formulation. In contrast to a traditional view where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Shuangfei Zhai , Walter Talbott , Carlos Guestrin , Joshua M. Susskind

Implicit generative models have the capability to learn arbitrary complex data distributions. On the downside, training requires telling apart real data from artificially-generated ones using adversarial discriminators, leading to unstable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 José Manuel de Frutos , Pablo M. Olmos , Manuel A. Vázquez , Joaquín Míguez

In this paper, we investigate the following question: Can we obtain adversarially-trained models without training on adversarial examples? Our intuition is that training a model with inherent stochasticity, i.e., optimizing the parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Ayoub Arous , Andres F Lopez-Lopera , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , Ihsen Alouani

Molecules in equilibrium follow a Boltzmann distribution, making the underlying energy landscape a physically grounded modeling objective. However, such landscapes are difficult to learn from data and, once learned, hard to sample from.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Christoph Griesbacher , Lea Bogensperger , Andreas Habring , Thomas Pock

Capturing aleatoric uncertainty is a critical part of many machine learning systems. In deep learning, a common approach to this end is to train a neural network to estimate the parameters of a heteroscedastic Gaussian distribution by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Maximilian Seitzer , Arash Tavakoli , Dimitrije Antic , Georg Martius

We introduce the "Energy-based Generative Adversarial Network" model (EBGAN) which views the discriminator as an energy function that attributes low energies to the regions near the data manifold and higher energies to other regions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Junbo Zhao , Michael Mathieu , Yann LeCun

Most of the existing generative adversarial networks (GAN) for text generation suffer from the instability of reinforcement learning training algorithms such as policy gradient, leading to unstable performance. To tackle this problem, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Pei Ke , Fei Huang , Minlie Huang , Xiaoyan Zhu

Closed-loop learning is the process of repeatedly estimating a model from data generated from the model itself. It is receiving great attention due to the possibility that large neural network models may, in the future, be primarily trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Fariba Jangjoo , Matteo Marsili , Yasser Roudi

Graphical models trained using maximum likelihood are a common tool for probabilistic inference of marginal distributions. However, this approach suffers difficulties when either the inference process or the model is approximate. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-06-18 Justin Domke

The problem of continuous inverse optimal control (over finite time horizon) is to learn the unknown cost function over the sequence of continuous control variables from expert demonstrations. In this article, we study this fundamental…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Yifei Xu , Jianwen Xie , Tianyang Zhao , Chris Baker , Yibiao Zhao , Ying Nian Wu

Training deep generative models with maximum likelihood remains a challenge. The typical workaround is to use variational inference (VI) and maximize a lower bound to the log marginal likelihood of the data. Variational auto-encoders (VAEs)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-08-13 Adji B. Dieng , John Paisley