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We consider the \emph{exact plurality consensus} problem for \emph{population protocols}. Here, $n$ anonymous agents start each with one of $k$ opinions. Their goal is to agree on the initially most frequent opinion (the \emph{plurality…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Gregor Bankhamer , Petra Berenbrink , Felix Biermeier , Robert Elsässer , Hamed Hosseinpour , Dominik Kaaser , Peter Kling

The model of population protocols refers to the growing in popularity theoretical framework suitable for studying pairwise interactions within a large collection of simple indistinguishable entities, frequently called agents. In this paper…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Leszek Gasieniec , Grzegorz Stachowiak

I survey our recent work on the verification of population protocols and their state complexity.

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Javier Esparza

We study here the problem of determining the majority type in an arbitrary connected network, each vertex of which has initially two possible types. The vertices may have a few additional possible states and can interact in pairs only if…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-05-01 George B. Mertzios , Sotiris E. Nikoletseas , Christoforos L. Raptopoulos , Paul G. Spirakis

We consider a population of $n$ agents which communicate with each other in a decentralized manner, through random pairwise interactions. One or more agents in the population may act as authoritative sources of information, and the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Bartlomiej Dudek , Adrian Kosowski

We propose a protocol to solve Leader Election within weak communication models such as the beeping model or the stone-age model. Unlike most previous work, our algorithm operates on only six states, does not require unique identifiers, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Robin Vacus , Isabella Ziccardi

This paper shows that every leader election protocol requires logarithmic stabilization time both in expectation and with high probability in the population protocol model. This lower bound holds even if each agent has knowledge of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Yuichi Sudo , Toshimitsu Masuzawa

In this paper, the leader election problem in the population protocol model is considered. A leader election protocol with logarithmic stabilization time is given. Given a rough knowledge m of the population size n such that m >= \log_2 n…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Yuichi Sudo , Fukuhito Ooshita , Taisuke Izumi , Hirotsugu Kakugawa , Toshimitsu Masuzawa

Population protocols are a well established model of computation by anonymous, identical finite state agents. A protocol is well-specified if from every initial configuration, all fair executions reach a common consensus. The central…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Michael Blondin , Javier Esparza , Stefan Jaax , Philipp J. Meyer

We consider the standard population protocol model, where (a priori) indistinguishable and anonymous agents interact in pairs according to uniformly random scheduling. The self-stabilizing leader election problem requires the protocol to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Janna Burman , Ho-Lin Chen , Hsueh-Ping Chen , David Doty , Thomas Nowak , Eric Severson , Chuan Xu

Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ nodes. In the stochastic population protocol model, a collection of $n$ indistinguishable, resource-limited nodes collectively solve tasks via pairwise interactions. In each interaction, two randomly chosen…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Dan Alistarh , Rati Gelashvili , Joel Rybicki

We investigate leader election problem via ranking within self-stabilising population protocols. In this scenario, the agent's state space comprises $n$ rank states and $x$ extra states. The initial configuration of $n$ agents consists of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Leszek Gąsieniec , Tytus Grodzicki , Grzegorz Stachowiak

Descriptional complexity is the study of the conciseness of the various models representing formal languages. The state complexity of a regular language is the size, measured by the number of states of the smallest, either deterministic or…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-09-11 Yuan Gao , Nelma Moreira , Rogério Reis , Sheng Yu

We present a loosely-stabilizing phase clock for population protocols. In the population model we are given a system of $n$ identical agents which interact in a sequence of randomly chosen pairs. Our phase clock is leaderless and it…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Petra Berenbrink , Felix Biermeier , Christopher Hahn , Dominik Kaaser

We consider the problem of efficiently simulating population protocols. In the population model, we are given a distributed system of $n$ agents modeled as identical finite-state machines. In each time step, a pair of agents is selected…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Petra Berenbrink , David Hammer , Dominik Kaaser , Ulrich Meyer , Manuel Penschuck , Hung Tran

The state complexity, respectively, nondeterministic state complexity of a regular language $L$ is the number of states of the minimal deterministic, respectively, of a minimal nondeterministic finite automaton for $L$. Some of the most…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Arto Salomaa , Kai Salomaa , Taylor J. Smith

We explore a definition of complexity based on logic functions, which are widely used as compact descriptions of rules in diverse fields of contemporary science. Detailed numerical analysis shows that (i) logic complexity is effective in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-03-11 Marco Gherardi , Pietro Rotondo

Network Constructors are an extension of the standard population protocol model in which finite-state agents interact in pairs under the control of an adversary scheduler. In this work we present NETCS, a simulator designed to evaluate the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-08-28 Dimitrios Amaxilatis , Marios Logaras , Othon Michail , Paul G. Spirakis

We consider the point-to-point message passing model of communication in which there are $k$ processors with individual private inputs, each $n$-bit long. Each processor is located at the node of an underlying undirected graph and has…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-02-22 Arkadev Chattopadhyay , Sagnik Mukhopadhyay

We initiate the study of a quantity that we call coordination complexity. In a distributed optimization problem, the information defining a problem instance is distributed among $n$ parties, who need to each choose an action, which jointly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-01-06 Rachel Cummings , Katrina Ligett , Jaikumar Radhakrishnan , Aaron Roth , Zhiwei Steven Wu