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Modern studies in radiograph representation learning rely on either self-supervision to encode invariant semantics or associated radiology reports to incorporate medical expertise, while the complementarity between them is barely noticed.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Hong-Yu Zhou , Chenyu Lian , Liansheng Wang , Yizhou Yu

Deep neural networks excel in radiological image classification but frequently suffer from poor interpretability, limiting clinical acceptance. We present MedicalPatchNet, an inherently self-explainable architecture for chest X-ray…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Patrick Wienholt , Christiane Kuhl , Jakob Nikolas Kather , Sven Nebelung , Daniel Truhn

A key challenge in training neural networks for a given medical imaging task is often the difficulty of obtaining a sufficient number of manually labeled examples. In contrast, textual imaging reports, which are often readily available in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Gongbo Liang , Connor Greenwell , Yu Zhang , Xiaoqin Wang , Ramakanth Kavuluru , Nathan Jacobs

Objectives: This study aims to assess the impact of domain shift on chest X-ray classification accuracy and to analyze the influence of ground truth label quality and demographic factors such as age group, sex, and study year. Materials and…

Automated labeling of chest X-ray reports is essential for enabling downstream tasks such as training image-based diagnostic models, population health studies, and clinical decision support. However, the high variability, complexity, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Brian Wong , Kaito Tanaka

Developing an interpretable system for generating reports in chest X-ray (CXR) analysis is becoming increasingly crucial in Computer-aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems, enabling radiologists to comprehend the decisions made by these systems.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Trong Thang Pham , Ngoc-Vuong Ho , Nhat-Tan Bui , Thinh Phan , Patel Brijesh , Donald Adjeroh , Gianfranco Doretto , Anh Nguyen , Carol C. Wu , Hien Nguyen , Ngan Le

Despite the progress in automatic detection of radiologic findings from chest X-ray (CXR) images in recent years, a quantitative evaluation of the explainability of these models is hampered by the lack of locally labeled datasets for…

Chest radiography remains one of the most widely used imaging modalities for thoracic diagnosis, yet increasing imaging volumes and radiologist workload continue to challenge timely interpretation. In this work, we investigate the use of…

Deep neural networks are known to be data-driven and label noise can have a marked impact on model performance. Recent studies have shown great robustness to classic image recognition even under a high noisy rate. In medical applications,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Lie Ju , Xin Wang , Lin Wang , Dwarikanath Mahapatra , Xin Zhao , Mehrtash Harandi , Tom Drummond , Tongliang Liu , Zongyuan Ge

Report generation models offer fine-grained textual interpretations of medical images like chest X-rays, yet they often lack interactivity (i.e. the ability to steer the generation process through user queries) and localized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Philip Müller , Georgios Kaissis , Daniel Rueckert

Advancing representation learning in specialized fields like medicine remains challenging due to the scarcity of expert annotations for text and images. To tackle this issue, we present a novel two-stage framework designed to extract…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Pablo Messina , René Vidal , Denis Parra , Álvaro Soto , Vladimir Araujo

Automating report generation for medical imaging promises to reduce workload and assist diagnosis in clinical practice. Recent work has shown that deep learning models can successfully caption natural images. However, learning from medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Ivona Najdenkoska , Xiantong Zhen , Marcel Worring , Ling Shao

Deep learning models were frequently reported to learn from shortcuts like dataset biases. As deep learning is playing an increasingly important role in the modern healthcare system, it is of great need to combat shortcut learning in…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-05 Luyang Luo , Dunyuan Xu , Hao Chen , Tien-Tsin Wong , Pheng-Ann Heng

In the context of the global coronavirus pandemic, different deep learning solutions for infected subject detection using chest X-ray images have been proposed. However, deep learning models usually need large labelled datasets to be…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Saul Calderon-Ramirez , Shengxiang Yang , David Elizondo , Armaghan Moemeni

The development of successful artificial intelligence models for chest X-ray analysis relies on large, diverse datasets with high-quality annotations. While several databases of chest X-ray images have been released, most include disease…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-21 Nicolás Gaggion , Candelaria Mosquera , Lucas Mansilla , Julia Mariel Saidman , Martina Aineseder , Diego H. Milone , Enzo Ferrante

Chest radiographs are among the most frequently acquired images in radiology and are often the subject of computer vision research. However, most of the models used to classify chest radiographs are derived from openly available deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Keno K. Bressem , Lisa Adams , Christoph Erxleben , Bernd Hamm , Stefan Niehues , Janis Vahldiek

Purpose: To benchmark open-source or commercial medical image-specific VLMs against real-world radiologist-written reports. Methods: This retrospective study included adult patients who presented to the emergency department between January…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Woo Hyeon Lim , Ji Young Lee , Jong Hyuk Lee , Saehoon Kim , Hyungjin Kim

The chest X-ray (CXR) is by far the most commonly performed radiological examination for screening and diagnosis of many cardiac and pulmonary diseases. There is an immense world-wide shortage of physicians capable of providing rapid and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-07 Jonathan Laserson , Christine Dan Lantsman , Michal Cohen-Sfady , Itamar Tamir , Eli Goz , Chen Brestel , Shir Bar , Maya Atar , Eldad Elnekave

The latest breakthroughs in large vision-language models, such as Bard and GPT-4, have showcased extraordinary abilities in performing a wide range of tasks. Such models are trained on massive datasets comprising billions of public…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Omkar Thawakar , Abdelrahman Shaker , Sahal Shaji Mullappilly , Hisham Cholakkal , Rao Muhammad Anwer , Salman Khan , Jorma Laaksonen , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

General-purpose clinical natural language processing (NLP) tools are increasingly used for the automatic labeling of clinical reports. However, independent evaluations for specific tasks, such as pediatric chest radiograph (CXR) report…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shruti Hegde , Mabon Manoj Ninan , Jonathan R. Dillman , Shireen Hayatghaibi , Lynn Babcock , Elanchezhian Somasundaram