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Related papers: A theory of Automated Market Makers in DeFi

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Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a cornerstone of decentralized finance. They are smart contracts (stateful programs) running on blockchains. They enable virtual token exchange: traders swap tokens with the AMM for a fee, while liquidity…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hongyin Chen , Amit Vaisman , Ittay Eyal

In a universal framework that expresses any market system in terms of state transition rules, we prove that every DeFi market system has an invariant function and is thus by definition a CFMM; indeed, all automated market makers (AMMs) are…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-01 Roger Lee

Automated market makers (AMM) have grown to obtain significant market share within the cryptocurrency ecosystem, resulting in a proliferation of new products pursuing exotic strategies for horizontal differentiation. Yet, their theoretical…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-05-07 Johannes Rude Jensen , Mohsen Pourpouneh , Kurt Nielsen , Omri Ross

An automated market maker (AMM) provides a method for creating a decentralized exchange on the blockchain. For this purpose, individual investors lend liquidity to the AMM pool in exchange for a stream of fees earned from its operations as…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-30 Maxim Bichuch , Zachary Feinstein

Automated market makers (AMMs) are a new type of trading venues which are revolutionising the way market participants interact. At present, the majority of AMMs are constant function market makers (CFMMs) where a deterministic trading…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-25 Marcello Monga

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) have cemented themselves as an integral part of the decentralized finance (DeFi) space. AMMs are a type of exchange that allows users to trade assets without the need for a centralized exchange. They form the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Dev Churiwala , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

This paper compares mathematical models for automated market makers including logarithmic market scoring rule (LMSR), liquidity sensitive LMSR (LS-LMSR), constant product/mean/sum, and others. It is shown that though LMSR may not be a good…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-05-21 Yongge Wang

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are essential in Decentralized Finance (DeFi) as they match liquidity supply with demand. They function through liquidity providers (LPs) who deposit assets into liquidity pools. However, the asset trading…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-01 Viraj Nadkarni , Sanjeev Kulkarni , Pramod Viswanath

One of the exciting recent developments in decentralized finance (DeFi) has been the development of decentralized cryptocurrency exchanges that can autonomously handle conversion between different cryptocurrencies. Decentralized exchange…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-11 Bhaskar Krishnamachari , Qi Feng , Eugenio Grippo

Constant function market makers (CFMMs) are the most popular type of decentralized trading venue for cryptocurrency tokens. In this paper, we give a very general geometric framework (or 'axioms') which encompass and generalize many of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-08-17 Guillermo Angeris , Tarun Chitra , Theo Diamandis , Alex Evans , Kshitij Kulkarni

Automated Market Makers (AMMs), as a core infrastructure of decentralized finance (DeFi), uniquely drive on-chain asset pricing through a deterministic reserve ratio mechanism. Unlike traditional markets, AMM price dynamics is triggered…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Huaiyu Jia , Jiehshun You , Yizhi Luo , Jingyu Liu , Shuo Sun

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are a central component of decentralized exchanges, yet their equilibrium foundations and microeconomic mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This paper develops a dynamic equilibrium framework for…

General Economics · Economics 2026-03-10 Chengqi Zang , Zhenghui Wang , Weitong Zhang

The study proposes a quote-driven predictive automated market maker (AMM) platform with on-chain custody and settlement functions, alongside off-chain predictive reinforcement learning capabilities to improve liquidity provision of…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2023-01-27 Tristan Lim

Lending protocols are one of the main applications of Decentralized Finance (DeFi), enabling crypto-assets loan markets with a total value estimated in the tens of billions of dollars. Unlike traditional lending systems, these protocols…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Massimo Bartoletti , Enrico Lipparini

Automated market makers are a popular mechanism used on decentralized exchange, through which users trade assets with each other directly and automatically through a liquidity pool and a fixed pricing function. The liquidity provider…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-11-27 Xue Dong He , Chen Yang , Yutian Zhou

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) money markets have seen explosive growth in recent years, with billions of dollars borrowed in various cryptocurrency assets. Key to the safety of money markets is the implementation of interest rates that…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-16 Yuval Boneh

This paper demonstrates that Automated Market Maker (AMM) based markets, such as those using constant product formulas (e.g., Uniswap), are inherently path-dependent. We prove mathematically that the sequence of operations in AMMs…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Keroshan Pillay

Decentralized exchanges are widely used platforms for trading crypto assets. The most common types work with automated market makers (AMM), allowing traders to exchange assets without needing to find matching counterparties. Thereby,…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-12 Matthias Hafner , Helmut Dietl

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) is a rapidly evolving segment of blockchain technology that enables a transformative approach to financial services through Web3 applications. By leveraging smart contracts, DeFi allows developers to build…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Ignat Melnikov , Roman Vlasov , Vladimir Gorgadze , Andrey Seoev , Yury Yanovich

Automated Market Makers (AMMs) are major centers of matching liquidity supply and demand in Decentralized Finance. Their functioning relies primarily on the presence of liquidity providers (LPs) incentivized to invest their assets into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Viraj Nadkarni , Jiachen Hu , Ranvir Rana , Chi Jin , Sanjeev Kulkarni , Pramod Viswanath