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Related papers: Silent Data Corruptions at Scale

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Silent Errors within hardware devices occur when an internal defect manifests in a part of the circuit which does not have check logic to detect the incorrect circuit operation. The results of such a defect can range from flipping a single…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Harish Dattatraya Dixit , Laura Boyle , Gautham Vunnam , Sneha Pendharkar , Matt Beadon , Sriram Sankar

Silent data corruption (SDC) threatens the reliability of large-scale GPU clusters used for training large language models, yet its rarity and lack of explicit error signals make accurate high-level modeling challenging. To address this…

Too many defective compute chips are escaping existing manufacturing tests -- at least an order of magnitude more than industrial targets across all compute chip types in data centers. Silent data corruptions (SDCs) caused by test escapes,…

As the scale of training large language models (LLMs) increases, one emergent failure is silent data corruption (SDC), where hardware produces incorrect computations without explicit failure signals. In this work, we are the first to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jeffrey Ma , Hengzhi Pei , Leonard Lausen , George Karypis

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale in size and complexity, the consequences of failures during training become increasingly severe. A major challenge arises from Silent Data Corruption (SDC): hardware-induced faults that bypass…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Anton Altenbernd , Philipp Wiesner , Odej Kao

High-performance and safety-critical system architects must accurately evaluate the application-level silent data corruption (SDC) rates of processors to soft errors. Such an evaluation requires error propagation all the way from particle…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Siva Kumar Sastry Hari , Paolo Rech , Timothy Tsai , Mark Stephenson , Arslan Zulfiqar , Michael Sullivan , Philip Shirvani , Paul Racunas , Joel Emer , Stephen W. Keckler

Future extreme-scale computer systems may expose silent data corruption (SDC) to applications, in order to save energy or increase performance. However, resilience research struggles to come up with useful abstract programming models for…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2014-01-15 James Elliott , Mark Hoemmen , Frank Mueller

Increasing parallelism and transistor density, along with increasingly tighter energy and peak power constraints, may force exposure of occasionally incorrect computation or storage to application codes. Silent data corruption (SDC) will…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-02-26 James Elliott , Mark Hoemmen , Frank Mueller

Large-scale LLM training is increasingly susceptible to hardware defects stemming from manufacturing escapes and silicon aging. These defects manifest as Silent Data Corruption (SDC) that perturb gradients and parameters throughout the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Abhishek Tyagi , Saurabh Hukerikar , Nirmal Saxena , Yanxiang Huang , Philip Shirvani , Chung-Hsuan Tung , Yuhao Zhu

The trend of increasing cluster sizes of supercomputers leads to a growing susceptibility to Silent Data Corruption (SDC) that can invalidate program results. A common strategy for SDC protection is replication, where the computation is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Mia Reitz , Claudia Fohry

Instruction-level error injection analyses aim to find instructions where errors often lead to unacceptable outcomes like Silent Data Corruptions (SDCs). These analyses require significant time, which is especially problematic if developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Keyur Joshi , Rahul Singh , Tommaso Bassetto , Sarita Adve , Darko Marinov , Sasa Misailovic

Hyperscaler reports of silent data corruptions (SDCs), presumed to be caused by silicon manufacturing defects, have motivated the development of functional tests for detecting defective CPUs. We present ITHICA, an approach for automatically…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ioanna Vavelidou , Subho S. Banerjee , Eric X. Liu , Mike Fuller , Subhasish Mitra , Caroline Trippel

In recent years, high availability and reliability of Data Storage Systems (DSS) have been significantly threatened by soft errors occurring in storage controllers. Due to their specific functionality and hardware-software stack, error…

Performance · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Mostafa Kishani , Mehdi Tahoori , Hossein Asadi

Application developers often place executable assertions -- equipped with program-specific predicates -- in their system, targeting programming errors. However, these detectors can detect data errors resulting from transient hardware faults…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-08-23 Michael Lenz , Horst Schirmeier

Silent data corruptions (SDCs) hinder the correctness of long-running scientific applications on large scale computing systems. Selective particle replication (SPR) is proposed herein as the first particle-based replication method for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Aurélien Cavelan , Rubén M. Cabezón , Florina M. Ciorba

Lossy compression is one of the most important strategies to resolve the big science data issue, however, little work was done to make it resilient against silent data corruptions (SDC). In fact, SDC is becoming non-negligible because of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Sihuan Li , Sheng Di , Kai Zhao , Xin Liang , Zizhong Chen , Franck Cappello

The increase in HPC systems size and complexity, together with increasing on-chip transistor density, power limitations, and number of components, render modern HPC systems subject to soft errors. Silent data corruptions (SDCs) are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Aurélien Cavelan , Florina M. Ciorba

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is rapidly emerging as a promising foundation for privacy-preserving cloud services, enabling computation directly on encrypted data. As FHE implementations mature and begin moving toward practical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jianan Mu , Ge Yu , Zhaoxuan Kan , Song Bian , Liang Kong , Zizhen Liu , Cheng Liu , Jing Ye , Huawei Li

This study investigates the capabilities of Cyclic Redundancy Checks(CRCs) to detect burst and random errors. Researchers have favored these error detection codes throughout the evolution of computing and have implemented them in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Waylon Jepsen

The trend for cloud computing has initiated a race towards data centres (DC) of an ever-increasing size. The largest DCs now contain many hundreds of thousands of virtual machine (VM) services. Given the finite lifespan of hardware, such…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2011-06-28 John Cartlidge , Ilango Sriram
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