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Planning plays an important role in the broad class of decision theory. Planning has drawn much attention in recent work in the robotics and sequential decision making areas. Recently, Reinforcement Learning (RL), as an agent-environment…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-08-18 Kamyar Azizzadenesheli , Alessandro Lazaric , Animashree Anandkumar

Among approaches for provably safe reinforcement learning, Model Predictive Shielding (MPS) has proven effective at complex tasks in continuous, high-dimensional state spaces, by leveraging a backup policy to ensure safety when the learned…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Arko Banerjee , Kia Rahmani , Joydeep Biswas , Isil Dillig

Reinforcement learning is a promising approach to synthesizing policies for challenging robotics tasks. A key problem is how to ensure safety of the learned policy---e.g., that a walking robot does not fall over or that an autonomous car…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Osbert Bastani

Synthesizing programs from examples requires searching over a vast, combinatorial space of possible programs. In this search process, a key challenge is representing the behavior of a partially written program before it can be executed, to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Maxwell Nye , Yewen Pu , Matthew Bowers , Jacob Andreas , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Armando Solar-Lezama

Agents controlled by the output of reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms often transition to unsafe states, particularly in uncertain and partially observable environments. Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) provide a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Steven Carr , Georgios Bakirtzis , Ufuk Topcu

Program synthesis is challenging largely because of the difficulty of search in a large space of programs. Human programmers routinely tackle the task of writing complex programs by writing sub-programs and then analyzing their intermediate…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Augustus Odena , Kensen Shi , David Bieber , Rishabh Singh , Charles Sutton , Hanjun Dai

Aiming to produce reinforcement learning (RL) policies that are human-interpretable and can generalize better to novel scenarios, Trivedi et al. (2021) present a method (LEAPS) that first learns a program embedding space to continuously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Guan-Ting Liu , En-Pei Hu , Pu-Jen Cheng , Hung-yi Lee , Shao-Hua Sun

We present a novel approach to automatically synthesize "wayfinding instructions" for an embodied robot agent. In contrast to prior approaches that are heavily reliant on human-annotated datasets designed exclusively for specific simulation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Vishnu Sashank Dorbala , Sanjoy Chowdhury , Dinesh Manocha

Identifying uncertainty and taking mitigating actions is crucial for safe and trustworthy reinforcement learning agents, especially when deployed in high-risk environments. In this paper, risk sensitivity is promoted in a model-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Stefan Radic Webster , Peter Flach

Integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into complex software systems enables the generation of human-understandable explanations of opaque AI processes, such as automated task planning. However, the quality and reliability of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Gricel Vázquez , Alexandros Evangelidis , Sepeedeh Shahbeigi , Radu Calinescu , Simos Gerasimou

Probabilistic programming has become a standard practice to model stochastic events and learn about the behavior of nature in different scientific contexts, ranging from Genetics and Ecology to Linguistics and Psychology. However, domain…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Guilherme Espada , Alcides Fonseca

We study synthesis problems with constraints in partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs), where the objective is to compute a strategy for an agent that is guaranteed to satisfy certain safety and performance specifications.…

We introduce transductive program synthesis, a new formulation of the program synthesis task that explicitly leverages test inputs during synthesis. While prior approaches to program synthesis--whether based on natural language descriptions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Kang-il Lee , Jahyun Koo , Seunghyun Yoon , Minbeom Kim , Hyukhun Koh , Dongryeol Lee , Kyomin Jung

Reinforcement Learning faces an important challenge in partial observable environments that has long-term dependencies. In order to learn in an ambiguous environment, an agent has to keep previous perceptions in a memory. Earlier memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Alper Demir

Program synthesis aims to automatically construct human-readable programs that satisfy given task specifications, such as input/output pairs or demonstrations. Recent works have demonstrated encouraging results in a variety of domains, such…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Linghan Zhong , Ryan Lindeborg , Jesse Zhang , Joseph J. Lim , Shao-Hua Sun

This paper considers the permissive supervisor synthesis for probabilistic systems modeled as Markov Decision Processes (MDP). Such systems are prevalent in power grids, transportation networks, communication networks and robotics. Unlike…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Bo Wu , Xiaobin Zhang , Hai Lin

Neural inductive program synthesis is a task generating instructions that can produce desired outputs from given inputs. In this paper, we focus on the generation of a chunk of assembly code that can be executed to match a state change…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Yifan Xu , Lu Dai , Udaikaran Singh , Kening Zhang , Zhuowen Tu

We convert the DeepMind Mathematics Dataset into a reinforcement learning environment by interpreting it as a program synthesis problem. Each action taken in the environment adds an operator or an input into a discrete compute graph. Graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Joseph Palermo , Johnny Ye , Alok Singh

Machine learning approaches have recently enabled autonomous navigation for mobile robots in a data-driven manner. Since most existing learning-based navigation systems are trained with data generated in artificially created training…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Zifan Xu , Anirudh Nair , Xuesu Xiao , Peter Stone

Recent benchmarks for memory-augmented reinforcement learning (RL) have introduced partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) environments in which agents must use historical observations to make decisions. However, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yongyi Wang , Lingfeng Li , Bozhou Chen , Ang Li , Hanyu Liu , Qirui Zheng , Xionghui Yang , Wenxin Li