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Visual-semantic embedding enables various tasks such as image-text retrieval, image captioning, and visual question answering. The key to successful visual-semantic embedding is to express visual and textual data properly by accounting for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-14 Geondo Park , Chihye Han , Wonjun Yoon , Daeshik Kim

Learning a joint language-visual embedding has a number of very appealing properties and can result in variety of practical application, including natural language image/video annotation and search. In this work, we study three different…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-09-27 Atousa Torabi , Niket Tandon , Leonid Sigal

Information retrieval lies at the foundation of the modern digital industry. While natural language search has seen dramatic progress in recent years largely driven by embedding-based models and large-scale pretraining, the field still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Adrià Molina , Oriol Ramos Terrades , Josep Lladós

We propose to learn word embeddings from visual co-occurrences. Two words co-occur visually if both words apply to the same image or image region. Specifically, we extract four types of visual co-occurrences between object and attribute…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Tanmay Gupta , Alexander Schwing , Derek Hoiem

In vision-language pre-training (VLP), masked image modeling (MIM) has recently been introduced for fine-grained cross-modal alignment. However, in most existing methods, the reconstruction targets for MIM lack high-level semantics, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Haowei Liu , Yaya Shi , Haiyang Xu , Chunfeng Yuan , Qinghao Ye , Chenliang Li , Ming Yan , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Bing Li , Weiming Hu

Bilingual word embeddings have been widely used to capture the similarity of lexical semantics in different human languages. However, many applications, such as cross-lingual semantic search and question answering, can be largely benefited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Muhao Chen , Yingtao Tian , Haochen Chen , Kai-Wei Chang , Steven Skiena , Carlo Zaniolo

Puzzles have long served as compact and revealing probes of human cognition, isolating abstraction, rule discovery, and systematic reasoning with minimal reliance on prior knowledge. Leveraging these properties, visual puzzles have recently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Maria Lymperaiou , Vasileios Karampinis , Giorgos Filandrianos , Angelos Vlachos , Chrysoula Zerva , Athanasios Voulodimos

Gender bias is highly impacting natural language processing applications. Word embeddings have clearly been proven both to keep and amplify gender biases that are present in current data sources. Recently, contextualized word embeddings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Christine Basta , Marta R. Costa-jussà , Noe Casas

Applying machine learning algorithms to large-scale, text-based corpora (embeddings) presents a unique opportunity to investigate at scale how human semantic knowledge is organized and how people use it to judge fundamental relationships,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Marius Cătălin Iordan , Tyler Giallanza , Cameron T. Ellis , Nicole M. Beckage , Jonathan D. Cohen

Going beyond mere fine-tuning of vision-language models (VLMs), learnable prompt tuning has emerged as a promising, resource-efficient alternative. Despite their potential, effectively learning prompts faces the following challenges: (i)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hari Chandana Kuchibhotla , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Abbavaram Gowtham Reddy , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

We propose a model to learn visually grounded word embeddings (vis-w2v) to capture visual notions of semantic relatedness. While word embeddings trained using text have been extremely successful, they cannot uncover notions of semantic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-06-30 Satwik Kottur , Ramakrishna Vedantam , José M. F. Moura , Devi Parikh

Universal Multimodal Retrieval (UMR) seeks any-to-any search across text and vision, yet modern embedding models remain brittle when queries require latent reasoning (e.g., resolving underspecified references or matching compositional…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Jianrui Zhang , Anirudh Sundara Rajan , Brandon Han , Soochahn Lee , Sukanta Ganguly , Yong Jae Lee

Learning vector representation for words is an important research field which may benefit many natural language processing tasks. Two limitations exist in nearly all available models, which are the bias caused by the context definition and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-01 Xuefeng Yang , Kezhi Mao

Multimodal embedding models aim to map heterogeneous inputs, such as text, images, videos, and audio, into a shared semantic space. However, existing methods and benchmarks remain largely limited to partial modality coverage, making it…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Haohang Huang , Xuan Lu , Mingyi Su , Xuan Zhang , Ziyan Jiang , Ping Nie , Kai Zou , Tomas Pfister , Wenhu Chen , Wei Zhang , Xiaoyu Shen , Rui Meng

In this paper, we explore the learning of neural network embeddings for natural images and speech waveforms describing the content of those images. These embeddings are learned directly from the waveforms without the use of linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-10 David Harwath , Galen Chuang , James Glass

Embeddings have become a pivotal means to represent complex, multi-faceted information about entities, concepts, and relationships in a condensed and useful format. Nevertheless, they often preclude direct interpretation. While downstream…

Computer science texts are particularly rich in both narrative content and illustrative charts, algorithms, images, annotated diagrams, etc. This study explores the extent to which vector-based multimodal retrieval, powered by…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Beth Plale , Sai Navya Jyesta , Sachith Withana

Dense word embeddings, which encode semantic meanings of words to low dimensional vector spaces have become very popular in natural language processing (NLP) research due to their state-of-the-art performances in many NLP tasks. Word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-20 Lutfi Kerem Senel , Ihsan Utlu , Veysel Yucesoy , Aykut Koc , Tolga Cukur

We study methods for learning sentence embeddings with syntactic structure. We focus on methods of learning syntactic sentence-embeddings by using a multilingual parallel-corpus augmented by Universal Parts-of-Speech tags. We evaluate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Chen Liu , Anderson de Andrade , Muhammad Osama

Aligning objects with corresponding textual descriptions is a fundamental challenge and a realistic requirement in vision-language understanding. While recent multimodal embedding models excel at global image-text alignment, they often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Shenghao Fu , Yukun Su , Fengyun Rao , Jing Lyu , Xiaohua Xie , Wei-Shi Zheng