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We introduce a class of concurrent learning (CL) algorithms designed to solve parameter estimation problems with convergence rates ranging from hyperexponential to prescribed-time while utilizing alternating datasets during the learning…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-28 Daniel E. Ochoa , Jorge I. Poveda

We develop a convergence-rate analysis of momentum with cyclical step-sizes. We show that under some assumption on the spectral gap of Hessians in machine learning, cyclical step-sizes are provably faster than constant step-sizes. More…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-10 Baptiste Goujaud , Damien Scieur , Aymeric Dieuleveut , Adrien Taylor , Fabian Pedregosa

In this paper, we describe a phenomenon, which we named "super-convergence", where neural networks can be trained an order of magnitude faster than with standard training methods. The existence of super-convergence is relevant to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Leslie N. Smith , Nicholay Topin

Large-scale optimization problems require algorithms both effective and efficient. One such popular and proven algorithm is Stochastic Gradient Descent which uses first-order gradient information to solve these problems. This paper studies…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-11-11 Theodoros Mamalis , Dusan Stipanovic , Petros Voulgaris

Robustness and resource-efficiency are two highly desirable properties for modern machine learning models. However, achieving them jointly remains a challenge. In this paper, we identify high learning rates as a facilitator for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Melih Barsbey , Lucas Prieto , Stefanos Zafeiriou , Tolga Birdal

Recent advances in contrastive learning have enlightened diverse applications across various semi-supervised fields. Jointly training supervised learning and unsupervised learning with a shared feature encoder becomes a common scheme.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Cheng Tan , Zhangyang Gao , Lirong Wu , Siyuan Li , Stan Z. Li

Recent empirical advances show that training deep models with large learning rate often improves generalization performance. However, theoretical justifications on the benefits of large learning rate are highly limited, due to challenges in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Yuqing Wang , Minshuo Chen , Tuo Zhao , Molei Tao

Gradient descent and stochastic gradient descent are central to modern machine learning, yet their behavior under large step sizes remains theoretically unclear. Recent work suggests that acceleration often arises near the edge of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Sacchit Kale , Piyushi Manupriya , Pierre Marion , Francis Bach , Anant Raj

Modern machine learning is trained by stochastic gradient descent (SGD), whose performance critically depends on how the learning rate (LR) is adjusted and decreased over time. Yet existing LR regimes may be intricate, or need to tune one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zhuang Yang

Contrastive Learning (CL) has been proved to be a powerful self-supervised approach for a wide range of domains, including computer vision and graph representation learning. However, the incremental learning issue of CL has rarely been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Cheng Ji , Jianxin Li , Hao Peng , Jia Wu , Xingcheng Fu , Qingyun Sun , Phillip S. Yu

It is known that the learning rate is the most important hyper-parameter to tune for training deep neural networks. This paper describes a new method for setting the learning rate, named cyclical learning rates, which practically eliminates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Leslie N. Smith

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) methods often rely on the meticulous tuning of hyperparameters to successfully resolve problems. One of the most influential parameters in optimization procedures based on stochastic gradient descent (SGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Ralf Gulde , Marc Tuscher , Akos Csiszar , Oliver Riedel , Alexander Verl

Scaling limits, such as infinite-width limits, serve as promising theoretical tools to study large-scale models. However, it is widely believed that existing infinite-width theory does not faithfully explain the behavior of practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Moritz Haas , Sebastian Bordt , Ulrike von Luxburg , Leena Chennuru Vankadara

Artificial neural network training with stochastic gradient descent can be destabilized by "bad batches" with high losses. This is often problematic for training with small batch sizes, high order loss functions or unstably high learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Jeffrey M. Ede , Richard Beanland

In large-scale learning algorithms, the momentum term is usually included in the stochastic sub-gradient method to improve the learning speed because it can navigate ravines efficiently to reach a local minimum. However, step-size and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Wen-Liang Hwang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) for training Large Language Models is notoriously unstable. While recent studies attribute this to "training inference mismatch stemming" from inconsistent hybrid engines, standard remedies, such as Importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yaxiang Zhang , Yingru Li , Jiacai Liu , Jiawei Xu , Ziniu Li , Qian Liu , Haoyuan Li

Most existing analyses of (stochastic) gradient descent rely on the condition that for $L$-smooth costs, the step size is less than $2/L$. However, many works have observed that in machine learning applications step sizes often do not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-10 Kwangjun Ahn , Jingzhao Zhang , Suvrit Sra

Clustering is a widely used unsupervised learning method for finding structure in the data. However, the resulting clusters are typically presented without any guarantees on their robustness; slightly changing the used data sample or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-01-02 Andreas Henelius , Kai Puolamäki , Henrik Boström , Panagiotis Papapetrou

This paper studies an intriguing phenomenon related to the good generalization performance of estimators obtained by using large learning rates within gradient descent algorithms. First observed in the deep learning literature, we show that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-06 Gaspard Beugnot , Julien Mairal , Alessandro Rudi

The goal of Continual Learning (CL) task is to continuously learn multiple new tasks sequentially while achieving a balance between the plasticity and stability of new and old knowledge. This paper analyzes that this insufficiency arises…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hanxi Xiao , Fan Lyu
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