Related papers: On unit-regular elements in various monoids of tra…

We clarify the mathematical structure underlying unitary $t$-designs. These are sets of unitary matrices, evenly distributed in the sense that the average of any $t$-th order polynomial over the design equals the average over the entire…

Unitarity is a fundamental property of any theory required to ensure we work in a theoretically consistent framework. In comparison with the quark sector, experimental tests of unitarity for the 3x3 neutrino mixing matrix are considerably…

We partially answer two questions of Goodaire by showing that in a finite, strongly right alternative ring, the set of units (if the ring is with unity) is a Bol loop under ring multiplication, and the set of quasiregular elements is a Bol…

This work is dedicated to the results were got in the model theory of the regular polygons. We give the characterization of the monoids with axiomatizable and model complete class of regular polygons. We describe the monoids with complete…

We study the complexity classes P and NP through a semigroup fP ("polynomial-time functions"), consisting of all polynomially balanced polynomial-time computable partial functions. Then P is not equal to NP iff fP is a non-regular…

We describe the structure of the monoid of natural-valued monotone functions on an arbitrary poset. For this monoid we provide a presentation, a characterization of prime elements, and a description of its convex hull. We also study the…

Let $T\in\mathbb{B}(\mathscr{H})$ and $T=U|T|$ be its polar decomposition. We proved that (i) if $T$ is log-hyponormal or $p$-hyponormal and $U^n=U^\ast$ for some $n$, then $T$ is normal; (ii) if the spectrum of $U$ is contained in some…

We prove that the set of elements of a given finite order in the connected component $N_w$ of the normalizer $N_G(T)$ of a maximal torus $T$ of a semisimple group $G$ is either empty or a disjoint union of finitely many irreducible…

We introduce and investigate the category $\mathsf{AtoMon}$ of atomic monoids and atom-preserving monoid homomorphisms, which is a (non-full) subcategory of the usual category of monoids. In particular, we compute all limits and colimits,…

Let $R$ be a finite ring (with unit, not necessarily commutative) and define the paraboloid $P = \{(x_1, \dots, x_d)\in R^d|x_d = x_1^2 + \dots + x_{d-1}^2\}.$ Suppose that for a sequence of finite rings of size tending to infinity, the…

An element of a finitely generated non-Abelian free group F(X) is said to be filling if that element has positive translation length in every very small action of F(X) on an $\mathbb{R}$-tree. We give a proof that the set of filling…

We show that a cyclic quotient surface singularity S can be decomposed, in a precise sense, into a number of elementary T-singularities together with a cyclic quotient surface singularity called the residue of S. A normal surface X with…

A partial monoid $P$ is a set with a partial multiplication $\times$ (and total identity $1_P$) which satisfies some associativity axiom. The partial monoid $P$ may be embedded in a free monoid $P^*$ and the product $\star$ is simulated by…

For a subset $B$ of $\mathbb{R}$, denote by $\operatorname{U}(B)$ be the semiring of (univariate) polynomials in $\mathbb{R}[X]$ that are strictly positive on $B$. Let $\mathbb{N}[X]$ be the semiring of (univariate) polynomials with…

Say that a cone is a commutative monoid in which x+y=0 implies that x=y=0. We show that cones (resp. simple cones) of many kinds order-embed or even embed unitarily into refinement cones (resp. simple refinement cones) of the same kind,…

Let $<X>$ be the free monoid on a generating set $X$, and suppose one adjoins to $<X>$ universal 2-sided inverses to a finite set $S$ of its elements. We note an elementary algorithm which yields a normal form for elements of the resulting…

Let G be a group which acts on a commutative ring k. We exhibit an induction formula which expresses an element x_G with tr_G(x_G)=1 by elements x_P with tr_P(x_P)=1, where P varies over prime order subgroups of P.

For a commutative cancellative monoid $M$, we introduce the notion of the length density of both a nonunit $x\in M$, denoted $\mathrm{LD}(x)$, and the entire monoid $M$, denoted $\mathrm{LD}(M)$. This invariant is related to three widely…

Motivated by generalizing Szemer\'edi's theorem, we the elements in a discrete quantum group fixing a sequence of finite subsets and prove that the set of these elements is a quantum subgroup. Using this we obtain a version of mean ergodic…

The paper is devoted to the investigation of uniform notion for acts over semigroups perceived as an overclass of subdirectly irreducible acts. We establish conditions to fill the gap between these classes of acts. Besides we prove that…