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Existing question answering (QA) systems owe much of their success to large, high-quality training data. Such annotation efforts are costly, and the difficulty compounds in the cross-lingual setting. Therefore, prior cross-lingual QA work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Bryan Li , Chris Callison-Burch

Large transformer-based language models have been shown to be very effective in many classification tasks. However, their computational complexity prevents their use in applications requiring the classification of a large set of candidates.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Luca Soldaini , Alessandro Moschitti

This paper explores the challenges of test-time scaling of large language models (LLMs), regarding both the data and inference efficiency. We highlight the diversity of multi-lingual reasoning based on our pilot studies, and then introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Kang Chen , Mengdi Zhang , Yixin Cao

Question answering (QA) is an important aspect of open-domain conversational agents, garnering specific research focus in the conversational QA (ConvQA) subtask. One notable limitation of recent ConvQA efforts is the response being answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Ashutosh Baheti , Alan Ritter , Kevin Small

In this paper we present a simple re-ranking method for Automatic Sentence Simplification based on the noisy channel scheme. Instead of directly computing the best simplification given a complex text, the re-ranking method also considers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Oscar M Cumbicus-Pineda , Iker Gutiérrez-Fandiño , Itziar Gonzalez-Dios , Aitor Soroa

Most studies on word-level Quality Estimation (QE) of machine translation focus on language-specific models. The obvious disadvantages of these approaches are the need for labelled data for each language pair and the high cost required to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Tharindu Ranasinghe , Constantin Orasan , Ruslan Mitkov

Question Answering (QA) has seen significant improvements with the advancement of machine learning models, further studies enhanced this question answering system by retrieving external information, called Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 William Christian , Daniel Adamlu , Adrian Yu , Derwin Suhartono

Generalization and robustness to input variation are core desiderata of machine learning research. Language varies along several axes, most importantly, language instance (e.g. French) and domain (e.g. news). While adapting NLP models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Leon Engländer , Hannah Sterz , Clifton Poth , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ilia Kuznetsov , Iryna Gurevych

Supplying data augmentation to conversational question answering (CQA) can effectively improve model performance. However, there is less improvement from single-turn datasets in CQA due to the distribution gap between single-turn and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Baokui Li , Sen Zhang , Wangshu Zhang , Yicheng Chen , Changlin Yang , Sen Hu , Teng Xu , Siye liu , Jiwei Li

We analyze the language learned by an agent trained with reinforcement learning as a component of the ActiveQA system [Buck et al., 2017]. In ActiveQA, question answering is framed as a reinforcement learning task in which an agent sits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-01-24 Christian Buck , Jannis Bulian , Massimiliano Ciaramita , Wojciech Gajewski , Andrea Gesmundo , Neil Houlsby , Wei Wang

Bridging the significant gap between large language model's English and non-English performance presents a great challenge. While some previous studies attempt to mitigate this gap with translated training data, the recently proposed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Wenhao Zhu , Shujian Huang , Fei Yuan , Cheng Chen , Jiajun Chen , Alexandra Birch

Question answering on the hybrid context of tables and text (TATQA) is a critical task, with broad applications in data-intensive domains. However, existing TATQA datasets are limited to English, leading to several drawbacks: (i) They…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Xuanliang Zhang , Dingzirui Wang , Keyan Xu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

There are several issues with the existing general machine translation or natural language generation evaluation metrics, and question-answering (QA) systems are indifferent in that context. To build robust QA systems, we need the ability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Farida Mustafazade , Peter F. Ebbinghaus

We propose a simple method to generate multilingual question and answer pairs on a large scale through the use of a single generative model. These synthetic samples can be used to improve the zero-shot performance of multilingual QA models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Siamak Shakeri , Noah Constant , Mihir Sanjay Kale , Linting Xue

Transformer-based language models have achieved remarkable success in few-shot in-context learning and drawn a lot of research interest. However, these models' performance greatly depends on the choice of the example prompts and also has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Genta Indra Winata , Liang-Kang Huang , Soumya Vadlamannati , Yash Chandarana

Current answer sentence selection (AS2) applied in open-domain question answering (ODQA) selects answers by ranking a large set of possible candidates, i.e., sentences, extracted from the retrieved text. In this paper, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Zeyu Zhang , Thuy Vu , Alessandro Moschitti

Current automated speaking assessment (ASA) systems for use in multi-aspect evaluations often fail to make full use of content relevance, overlooking image or exemplar cues, and employ superficial grammar analysis that lacks detailed error…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hao-Chien Lu , Jhen-Ke Lin , Hong-Yun Lin , Chung-Chun Wang , Berlin Chen

Multilingual end-to-end(E2E) models have shown a great potential in the expansion of the language coverage in the realm of automatic speech recognition(ASR). In this paper, we aim to enhance the multilingual ASR performance in two ways,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Rimita Lahiri , Kenichi Kumatani , Eric Sun , Yao Qian

In order to simplify a sentence, human editors perform multiple rewriting transformations: they split it into several shorter sentences, paraphrase words (i.e. replacing complex words or phrases by simpler synonyms), reorder components,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Fernando Alva-Manchego , Louis Martin , Antoine Bordes , Carolina Scarton , Benoît Sagot , Lucia Specia

Data quality is a critical driver of large language model performance, yet existing model-based selection methods focus almost exclusively on English. We introduce MuRating, a scalable framework that transfers high-quality English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Zhixun Chen , Ping Guo , Wenhan Han , Yifan Zhang , Binbin Liu , Haobin Lin , Fengze Liu , Yan Zhao , Bingni Zhang , Taifeng Wang , Yin Zheng , Trevor Cohn , Meng Fang