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We propose efficient classical algorithms which (strongly) simulate the action of bosonic linear optics circuits applied to superpositions of Gaussian states. Our approach relies on an augmented covariance matrix formalism to keep track of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-19 Beatriz Dias , Robert Koenig

BosonSampling is a restricted model of quantum computation proposed recently, where a non-adaptive linear-optical network is used to solve a sampling problem that seems to be hard for classical computers. Here we show that, even if the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-22 Daniel J. Brod

We present a classical algorithm that approximately samples from the output distribution of certain noisy Boson Sampling experiments. This algorithm is inspired by a recent result of Aharonov, Gao, Landau, Liu and Vazirani and makes use of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-30 Changhun Oh , Liang Jiang , Bill Fefferman

BosonSampling is a problem where a quantum computer offers a provable speedup over classical computers. Its main feature is that it can be solved with current linear optics technology, without the need for a full quantum computer. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-06 Anthony Leverrier , Raúl García-Patrón

If classical algorithms have been successful in reproducing the estimation of expectation values of observables of some quantum circuits using off-the-shelf computing resources, matching the performance of the most advanced quantum devices…

The search for new, application-specific quantum computers designed to outperform any classical computer is driven by the ending of Moore's law and the quantum advantages potentially obtainable. Photonic networks are promising examples,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-10 Bogdan Opanchuk , Laura Rosales-Zarate , Margaret D Reid , Peter D Drummond

It is predicted that quantum computers will dramatically outperform their conventional counterparts. However, large-scale universal quantum computers are yet to be built. Boson sampling is a rudimentary quantum algorithm tailored to the…

As a promising candidate for exhibiting quantum computational supremacy, Gaussian Boson Sampling (GBS) is designed to exploit the ease of experimental preparation of Gaussian states. However, sufficiently large and inevitable experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-18 Haoyu Qi , Daniel J. Brod , Nicolás Quesada , Raúl García-Patrón

Boson Sampling is a computational task strongly believed to be hard for classical computers, but efficiently solvable by orchestrated bosonic interference in a specialised quantum computer. Current experimental schemes, however, are still…

We identify a broad class of physical processes in an optical quantum circuit that can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer: this class includes unitary transformations, amplification, noise, and measurements. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Stephen D. Bartlett , Barry C. Sanders

Quantum circuit simulators running on classical computers offer a vital platform for designing, testing, and optimizing quantum algorithms, driving innovation despite limited access to real quantum hardware. However, their scalability is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Gleb Kalachev , Pavel Mosharev , Zuoheng Zou , Pavel Panteleev , Man-Hong Yung

We give new evidence that quantum computers -- moreover, rudimentary quantum computers built entirely out of linear-optical elements -- cannot be efficiently simulated by classical computers. In particular, we define a model of computation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-16 Scott Aaronson , Alex Arkhipov

We introduce a new family of quantum circuits in Continuous Variables and we show that, relying on the widely accepted conjecture that the polynomial hierarchy of complexity classes does not collapse, their output probability distribution…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-13 Ulysse Chabaud , Tom Douce , Damian Markham , Peter van Loock , Elham Kashefi , Giulia Ferrini

Quantum mechanics promises computational powers beyond the reach of classical computers. Current technology is on the brink of an experimental demonstration of the superior power of quantum computation compared to classical devices. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-02 Jelmer Renema , Valery Shchesnovich , Raul Garcia-Patron

Boson sampling is one of the leading protocols for demonstrating a quantum advantage, but the theory of how this protocol responds to noise is still incomplete. We extend the theory of classical simulation of boson sampling with partial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 S. N. van den Hoven , E. Kanis , J. J. Renema

Boson sampling is a problem for which quantum devices could prove to go beyond classical computing using only linear optics and photon preparation and counting. While theoretically important, there is a lack of practical applications for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-09 Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin

The search for new, application-specific quantum computers designed to outperform any classical computer is driven by the ending of Moore's law and the quantum advantages potentially obtainable. Photonic networks are promising examples,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-13 B. Opanchuk , L. Rosales-Zárate , M. D. Reid , P. D. Drummond

We investigate the boundary between classical and quantum computational power. This work consists of two parts. First we develop new classical simulation algorithms that are centered on sampling methods. Using these techniques we generate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-20 M. Van den Nest

The Feynman path integral formalism has inspired the development of memory-efficient and parallelizable classical algorithms for simulating quantum computers. We adapt this approach for the calculation of probability amplitudes of…

Boson Sampling is the problem of sampling from the same output probability distribution as a collection of indistinguishable single photons input into a linear interferometer. It has been shown that, subject to certain computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-21 Alexandra E. Moylett , Peter S. Turner