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The erasure of a classical bit of information is a dissipative process. The minimum heat produced during this operation has been theorized by Rolf Landauer in 1961 to be equal to $k_B T \ln 2$ and takes the name of Landauer limit, Landauer…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-09-28 Igor Neri , Miquel López-Suárez

Information is physical but information is also processed in finite time. Where computing protocols are concerned, finite-time processing in the quantum regime can dynamically generate coherence. Here we show that this can have significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-19 Harry J. D. Miller , Giacomo Guarnieri , Mark T. Mitchison , John Goold

Landauer's principle bridges information theory and thermodynamics by linking the entropy change of a system during a process to the average energy dissipated to its environment. Although typically discussed in the context of erasing a…

Adopting a resource theory framework of thermodynamics for quantum and nano systems pioneered by Janzing et al. [Int. J. Th. Phys. 39, 2717 (2000)], we formulate the cost in useful work of transforming one resource state into another as a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-07-06 Joseph M. Renes

The removal of heat generated during computation poses a major challenge for both classical and quantum information processing. In particular, heat removal is directly linked to a fundamental requirement of quantum computation: the ability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-24 Tanmoy Biswas , Chandan Datta , Luis Pedro Garcia-Pintos

A restricted form of Landauer's Principle, independent of computational considerations, is shown to hold for thermal systems by reference to the joint entropy associated with conjugate observables. It is shown that the source of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-15 R. E. Kastner , Andreas Schlatter

Among the emerging technologies with prophesied quantum advantage, quantum communications has already led to fascinating demonstrations -- including quantum teleportation to and from satellites. However, all optical communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-16 Maxwell Aifer , Nathan Myers , Sebastian Deffner

In our former work [K. Tadaki, Local Proceedings of CiE 2008, pp.425-434, 2008], we developed a statistical mechanical interpretation of algorithmic information theory by introducing the notion of thermodynamic quantities at temperature T,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Kohtaro Tadaki

The question of the energetic efficiency of quantum computers has gained increasing attention recently. A precise understanding of the resources required to operate a quantum computer with a targeted computational performance and how the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Francisca Góis , Marco Pezzutto , Yasser Omar

Recent advances in nonequilibrium statistical physics have provided unprecedented insight into the thermodynamics of dynamic processes. The author recently used these advances to extend Landauer's semi-formal reasoning concerning the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-07-01 David H. Wolpert

The minimum amount of thermodynamic work required in order to implement a quantum computation or a quantum state transformation can be quantified using frameworks based on the resource theory of thermodynamics, deeply rooted in the works of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-29 Philippe Faist

Information-theoretic approaches provide a promising avenue for extending the laws of thermodynamics to the nanoscale. Here, we provide a general fundamental lower limit, valid for systems with an arbitrary Hamiltonian and in contact with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-08 Philippe Faist , Renato Renner

Information dynamics is an emerging description of information processing in complex systems which describes systems in terms of intrinsic computation, identifying computational primitives of information storage and transfer. In this paper…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-10-03 Richard E. Spinney , Joseph T. Lizier , Mikhail Prokopenko

Landauer's erasure principle is a cornerstone of thermodynamics and information theory. According to this principle, erasing information incurs a minimum energy cost. Recently, Vaccaro and Barnett [Proc. R. Soc {\bf 467}, 1770 (2011)]…

Landauer's principle places a fundamental lower limit on the work required to perform a logically irreversible operation. Logically reversible gates provide a way to avoid these work costs, and also simplify the task of making the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-11-16 Ian Seet , Thomas E. Ouldridge , Jonathan P. K. Doye

In this paper, we consider the energy cost of communicating using molecular communication. In a simplified scenario, we show that the energy bound in Landauer's principle can be achieved, implying that molecular communication can approach…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Andrew W. Eckford , Benjamin Kuznets-Speck , Michael Hinczewski , Peter J. Thomas

We present a mathematical framework for quantifying energy efficiency in intelligent systems by linking energy consumption to information-processing capacity. We introduce a watts-per-intelligence metric that integrates algorithmic…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Elija Perrier

The key factor currently limiting the advancement of computational power of electronic computation is no longer the manufacturing density and speed of components, but rather their high energy consumption. While it has been widely argued…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-30 David Doty , Niels Kornerup , Austin Luchsinger , Leo Orshansky , David Soloveichik , Damien Woods

Scientific discovery can be framed as a thermodynamic process in which an agent invests physical work to acquire information about an environment under a finite work budget. Using established results about the thermodynamics of computing,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Mihir Rao

The Landauer principle states that at least $k_B T \ln 2$ of energy is required to erase a 1-bit memory, with $k_B T$ the thermal energy of the system. We study the effects of inertia on this bound using as one-bit memory an underdamped…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-05-26 Salambô Dago , Jorge Pereda , Nicolas Barros , Sergio Ciliberto , Ludovic Bellon