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Open-source software (OSS) is foundational to modern digital infrastructure, yet this context for group work continues to struggle to ensure sufficient contributions in many critical cases. This literature review explores how artificial…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-10 S M Rakib UI Karim , Wenyi Lu , Sean Goggins

Refactoring aims at improving code non-functional attributes without modifying its external behavior. Previous studies investigated the motivations behind refactoring by surveying developers. With the aim of generalizing and complementing…

Determining the factors that have an influence on software systems development and deployment project outcomes has been the focus of extensive and ongoing research for more than 30 years. We provide here a survey of the research literature…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Laurie McLeod , Stephen G. MacDonell

Background: Open Source Software (OSS) fuels our global digital infrastructure but is commonly maintained by small groups of people whose time and labor represent a depletable resource. For the OSS projects to stay sustainable, i.e., viable…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Johan Linåker , Georg J. P. Link , Kevin Lumbard

Onboarding newcomers is vital for the sustainability of open-source software (OSS) projects. To lower barriers and increase engagement, OSS projects have dedicated experts who provide guidance for newcomers. However, timely responses are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Xin Tan , Xiao Long , Yinghao Zhu , Lin Shi , Xiaoli Lian , Li Zhang

Metrics can be used by businesses to make more objective decisions based on data. Software startups in particular are characterized by the uncertain or even chaotic nature of the contexts in which they operate. Using data in the form of…

General Literature · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Kai-Kristian Kemell , Xiaofeng Wang , Anh Nguyen-Duc , Jason Grendus , Tuure Tuunanen , Pekka Abrahamsson

A large number of metrics have been proposed for the quality of object oriented software. Many of these metrics have not been properly validated due to poor methods of validation and non acceptance of metrics on scientific grounds. In the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2010-01-13 Devpriya Soni , Ritu Shrivastava , M. Kumar

Open source software development, particularly within institutions such as universities and research laboratories, is often decentralized and difficult to track. Although academic teams produce many impactful scientific tools, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Juanita Gomez , Emily Lovell , Stephanie Lieggi , Alvaro A. Cardenas , James Davis

Systematic application of software metric techniques can lead to significant improvements of the quality of a final software product. However, there is still the evident lack of wider utilization of software metrics techniques and tools due…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-11-18 Gordana Rakic , Zoran Budimac

The sustainability of open source software (OSS) projects hinges on contributor retention. Interpersonal challenges can inhibit a feeling of welcomeness among contributors, particularly from underrepresented groups, which impacts their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Bianca Trinkenreich , Zixuan Feng , Rudrajit Choudhuri , Marco Gerosa , Anita Sarma , Igor Steinmacher

The way developers collaborate inside and particularly across teams often escapes management's attention, despite a formal organization with designated teams being defined. Observability of the actual, organically formed engineering…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Waren Long , Vadim Markovtsev , Hugo Mougard , Egor Bulychev , Jan Hula

For Open Source Software (OSS) projects, discussions in Issue Tracking Systems (ITS) serve as a crucial collaboration mechanism for diverse stakeholders. However, these discussions can become lengthy and entangled, making it hard to find…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Saskia Gilmer , Avinash Bhat , Shuvam Shah , Kevin Cherry , Jinghui Cheng , Jin L. C. Guo

Software systems rely heavily on open source software (OSS) libraries, which offer benefits but also pose risks. When vulnerabilities arise, the OSS community may struggle to address them due to inactivity or lack of resources. Research…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Alexandros Tsakpinis , Alexander Pretschner

In software development, the identification of source code file experts is an important task. Identifying these experts helps to improve software maintenance and evolution activities, such as developing new features, code reviews, and bug…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Otávio Cury , Guilherme Avelino , Pedro Santos Neto , Ricardo Britto , Marco Túlio Valente

Modern code review is a widely used technique employed in both industrial and open-source projects to improve software quality, share knowledge, and ensure adherence to coding standards and guidelines. During code review, developers may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Moataz Chouchen , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Ali Ouni

Throughout the history of software, evolution has occurred in cycles of rise and fall driven by competition, and open-source software (OSS) is no exception. This cycle is accelerating, particularly in rapidly evolving domains such as web…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yuki Takei , Toshiaki Aoki , Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul

Refactoring is the de-facto practice to optimize software health. While several studies propose refactoring strategies to optimize software design through applying design patterns and removing design defects, little is known about how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Eman Abdullah AlOmar , Tianjia Wang , Vaibhavi Raut , Mohamed Wiem Mkaouer , Christian Newman , Ali Ouni

Code reviews are a critical aspect of open-source software (OSS) development, ensuring quality and fostering collaboration. This study examines perceptions, challenges, and biases in OSS code review processes, focusing on the perspectives…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yoseph Berhanu Alebachew , Minhyuk Ko , Chris Brown

In recent years, defect prediction has received a great deal of attention in the empirical software engineering world. Predicting software defects before the maintenance phase is very important not only to decrease the maintenance costs but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Ahmet Okutan

Design-level decisions in open-source software (OSS) projects are often made through structured mechanisms such as proposals, which require substantial community discussion and review. Despite their importance, the proposal process is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Masanari Kondo , Mahmoud Alfadel , Shane McIntosh , Yasutaka Kamei , Naoyasu Ubayashi