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Most existing safe reinforcement learning (RL) benchmarks focus on robotics and control tasks, offering limited relevance to high-stakes domains that involve structured constraints, mixed-integer decisions, and industrial complexity. This…

Vision-language model (VLM) based GUI agents show promise for automating complex desktop and mobile tasks, but face significant challenges in applying reinforcement learning (RL): (1) slow multi-turn interactions with GUI environments for…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

This paper presents Gym-TORAX, a Python package enabling the implementation of Reinforcement Learning (RL) environments for simulating plasma dynamics and control in tokamaks. Users define succinctly a set of control actions and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Antoine Mouchamps , Arthur Malherbe , Adrien Bolland , Damien Ernst

Existing reinforcement learning environment libraries use monolithic environment classes, provide shallow methods for altering agent observation and action spaces, and/or are tied to a specific simulation environment. The Core Reinforcement…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for sequential decision-making and has attracted growing interest across various domains, particularly following the advent of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) in 2015.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Dong Wang , Hanmo You , Lingwei Zhu , Kaiwei Lin , Zheng Chen , Chen Yang , Junji Yu , Zan Wang , Junjie Chen

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a popular machine learning paradigm where intelligent agents interact with the environment to fulfill a long-term goal. Driven by the resurgence of deep learning, Deep RL (DRL) has witnessed great success over…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yunpeng Qing , Shunyu Liu , Jie Song , Yang Zhou , Kaixuan Chen , Huiqiong Wang , Mingli Song

Finding meaningful and accurate dense rewards is a fundamental task in the field of reinforcement learning (RL) that enables agents to explore environments more efficiently. In traditional RL settings, agents learn optimal policies through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Shuyuan Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming the foundation for autonomous agents that can use tools to solve complex tasks. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a common approach for injecting such agentic capabilities, but typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Emre Can Acikgoz , Cheng Qian , Jonas Hübotter , Heng Ji , Dilek Hakkani-Tür , Gokhan Tur

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a flexible and efficient method for programming micro-robots in complex environments. Here we investigate whether reinforcement learning can provide insights into biological systems when trained to perform…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-04-03 Samuel Tovey , Christoph Lohrmann , Christian Holm

Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents often struggle in sparse-reward environments where traditional exploration strategies fail to discover effective action sequences. Large Language Models (LLMs) possess procedural knowledge and reasoning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Vaibhav Jain , Gerrit Grossmann

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models trained via imitation learning suffer from significant performance degradation in data-scarce scenarios due to their reliance on large-scale demonstration datasets. Although reinforcement learning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Junjin Xiao , Yandan Yang , Xinyuan Chang , Ronghan Chen , Feng Xiong , Mu Xu , Wei-Shi Zheng , Qing Zhang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a general framework concerned with an agent that seeks to maximize rewards in an environment. The learning typically happens through trial and error using explorative methods, such as epsilon-greedy. There are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Per-Arne Andersen , Morten Goodwin , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

Reinforcement learning (RL) agents improve through trial-and-error, but when reward is sparse and the agent cannot discover successful action sequences, learning stagnates. This has been a notable problem in training deep RL agents to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Evan Zheran Liu , Kelvin Guu , Panupong Pasupat , Tianlin Shi , Percy Liang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning faces fundamental challenges that conventional approaches have failed to overcome: exponentially growing joint action spaces, non-stationary environments where simultaneous learning creates moving targets,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Hang Wang , Junshan Zhang

In the field of robotics many different approaches ranging from classical planning over optimal control to reinforcement learning (RL) are developed and borrowed from other fields to achieve reliable control in diverse tasks. In order to…

Developing robotic agents that can perform well in diverse environments while showing a variety of behaviors is a key challenge in AI and robotics. Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) methods often create agents that specialize in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Octi Zhang , Quanquan Peng , Rosario Scalise , Bryon Boots

Equipping LLMs with tool-use capabilities via Agentic Reinforcement Learning (Agentic RL) is bottlenecked by two challenges: the lack of scalable, robust execution environments and the scarcity of realistic training data that captures…

This paper introduces the Structural Optimization gym (SOgym), a novel open-source Reinforcement Learning (RL) environment designed to advance machine learning in Topology Optimization (TO). SOgym enables RL agents to generate physically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Thomas Rochefort-Beaudoin , Aurelian Vadean , Niels Aage , Sofiane Achiche

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms aim to learn optimal decisions in unknown environments through experience of taking actions and observing the rewards gained. In some cases, the environment is not influenced by the actions of the RL…