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We develop new sub-optimality bounds for gradient descent (GD) that depend on the conditioning of the objective along the path of optimization rather than on global, worst-case constants. Key to our proofs is directional smoothness, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Aaron Mishkin , Ahmed Khaled , Yuanhao Wang , Aaron Defazio , Robert M. Gower

We propose a general framework for distributed stochastic optimization under delayed gradient models. In this setting, $n$ local agents leverage their own data and computation to assist a central server in minimizing a global objective…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Xinran Zheng , Tara Javidi , Behrouz Touri

The practical performance of online stochastic gradient descent algorithms is highly dependent on the chosen step size, which must be tediously hand-tuned in many applications. The same is true for more advanced variants of stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-11-10 Pierre-Yves Massé , Yann Ollivier

Machine learning, especially deep neural networks, has been rapidly developed in fields including computer vision, speech recognition and reinforcement learning. Although Mini-batch SGD is one of the most popular stochastic optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Xinyu Peng , Li Li , Fei-Yue Wang

Asynchronous distributed stochastic gradient descent methods have trouble converging because of stale gradients. A gradient update sent to a parameter server by a client is stale if the parameters used to calculate that gradient have since…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-01-18 Augustus Odena

Learning representation from relative similarity comparisons, often called ordinal embedding, gains rising attention in recent years. Most of the existing methods are based on semi-definite programming (\textit{SDP}), which is generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Ke Ma , Jinshan Zeng , Qianqian Xu , Xiaochun Cao , Wei Liu , Yuan Yao

We introduce a new adaptive step-size strategy for convex optimization with stochastic gradient that exploits the local geometry of the objective function only by means of a first-order stochastic oracle and without any hyper-parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Jean-François Aujol , Jérémie Bigot , Camille Castera

Understanding the convergence performance of asynchronous stochastic gradient descent method (Async-SGD) has received increasing attention in recent years due to their foundational role in machine learning. To date, however, most of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Xin Zhang , Jia Liu , Zhengyuan Zhu

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is an important algorithm in machine learning. With constant learning rates, it is a stochastic process that, after an initial phase of convergence, generates samples from a stationary distribution. We show…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-12 Stephan Mandt , Matthew D. Hoffman , David M. Blei

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) type optimization schemes are fundamental ingredients in a large number of machine learning based algorithms. In particular, SGD type optimization schemes are frequently employed in applications involving…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-07-22 Aritz Bercher , Lukas Gonon , Arnulf Jentzen , Diyora Salimova

In this paper, we study the performance of a large family of SGD variants in the smooth nonconvex regime. To this end, we propose a generic and flexible assumption capable of accurate modeling of the second moment of the stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-06-15 Zhize Li , Peter Richtárik

In this paper, we revisit \textsf{ROOT-SGD}, an innovative method for stochastic optimization to bridge the gap between stochastic optimization and statistical efficiency. The proposed method enhances the performance and reliability of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-26 Chris Junchi Li

In decentralized optimization, the choice of stepsize plays a critical role in algorithm performance. A common approach is to use a shared stepsize across all agents to ensure convergence. However, selecting an optimal stepsize often…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Diyako Ghaderyan , Stefan Werner

Asynchronous stochastic gradient descent (SGD) enables scalable distributed training but suffers from gradient staleness. Existing mitigation strategies, such as delay-adaptive learning rates and staleness-aware filtering, typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tehila Dahan , Roie Reshef , Sharon Goldstein , Kfir Y. Levy

We analyze (stochastic) gradient descent (SGD) with delayed updates on smooth quasi-convex and non-convex functions and derive concise, non-asymptotic, convergence rates. We show that the rate of convergence in all cases consists of two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Sebastian U. Stich , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy

Many machine learning applications and tasks rely on the stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm and its variants. Effective step length selection is crucial for the success of these algorithms, which has motivated the development of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Shigeng Sun , Yuchen Xie

This paper explores the suspicious alignment phenomenon in stochastic gradient descent (SGD) under ill-conditioned optimization, where the Hessian spectrum splits into dominant and bulk subspaces. This phenomenon describes the behavior of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Shenyang Deng , Boyao Liao , Zhuoli Ouyang , Tianyu Pang , Minhak Song , Yaoqing Yang

Stochastic gradient algorithms are often unstable when applied to functions that do not have Lipschitz-continuous and/or bounded gradients. Gradient clipping is a simple and effective technique to stabilize the training process for problems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-11 Vien V. Mai , Mikael Johansson

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a cornerstone algorithm for high-dimensional optimization, renowned for its empirical successes. Recent theoretical advances have provided a deep understanding of how SGD enables feature learning in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-23 Nived Rajaraman , Yanjun Han

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is one of the most popular algorithms in statistical and machine learning due to its computational and memory efficiency. Various averaging schemes have been proposed to accelerate the convergence of SGD in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-08 Ziyang Wei , Wanrong Zhu , Wei Biao Wu