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Zeroth-Order (ZO) optimization has emerged as a promising solution for fine-tuning LLMs under strict memory constraints, as it avoids the prohibitive memory cost of storing activations for backpropagation. However, existing ZO methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Wei Lin , Yining Jiang , Qingyu Song , Qiao Xiang , Hong Xu

Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is an important step in machine learning (ML) model development, but common practices are archaic -- primarily relying on manual or grid searches. This is partly because adopting advanced HPO algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Sungduk Yu , Mike Pritchard , Po-Lun Ma , Balwinder Singh , Sam Silva

As deep learning techniques advance more than ever, hyper-parameter optimization is the new major workload in deep learning clusters. Although hyper-parameter optimization is crucial in training deep learning models for high model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Ahnjae Shin , Dong-Jin Shin , Sungwoo Cho , Do Yoon Kim , Eunji Jeong , Gyeong-In Yu , Byung-Gon Chun

The core challenge of high-dimensional and expensive black-box optimization (BBO) is how to obtain better performance faster with little function evaluation cost. The essence of the problem is how to design an efficient optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Xiaobin Li , Kai Wu , Xiaoyu Zhang , Handing Wang , Jing Liu

Generalization is a central problem in Machine Learning. Most prediction methods require careful calibration of hyperparameters carried out on a hold-out \textit{validation} dataset to achieve generalization. The main goal of this paper is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Karim Lounici , Katia Meziani , Benjamin Riu

The goal of this paper is to debunk and dispel the magic behind black-box optimizers and stochastic optimizers. It aims to build a solid foundation on how and why the techniques work. This manuscript crystallizes this knowledge by deriving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Jun Lu

Second-order optimization has been developed to accelerate the training of deep neural networks and it is being applied to increasingly larger-scale models. In this study, towards training on further larger scales, we identify a specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Satoki Ishikawa , Ryo Karakida

One of the most critical issues in machine learning is the selection of appropriate hyper parameters for training models. Machine learning models may be able to reach the best training performance and may increase the ability to generalize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Caner Erden , Halil Ibrahim Demir , Abdullah Hulusi Kökçam

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization provides a gradient-free alternative to first-order (FO) methods by estimating gradients via finite differences of function evaluations, and has recently emerged as a memory-efficient paradigm for fine-tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yicheng Lang , Changsheng Wang , Yihua Zhang , Mingyi Hong , Zheng Zhang , Wotao Yin , Sijia Liu

Machine learning algorithms typically rely on optimization subroutines and are well-known to provide very effective outcomes for many types of problems. Here, we flip the reliance and ask the reverse question: can machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Jesus A. De Loera , Jamie Haddock , Anna Ma , Deanna Needell

In robotics, methods and softwares usually require optimizations of hyperparameters in order to be efficient for specific tasks, for instance industrial bin-picking from homogeneous heaps of different objects. We present a developmental…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-31 Maxime Petit , Emmanuel Dellandrea , Liming Chen

Distributed zeroth-order optimization is increasingly applied in heterogeneous scenarios where agents possess distinct data distributions and objectives. This heterogeneity poses fundamental challenges for convergence analysis, as existing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-10 Haonan Wang , Xinlei Yi , Yiguang Hong , Minghui Liwang

Bilevel optimization problems consist of minimizing a value function whose evaluation depends on the solution of an inner optimization problem. These problems are typically tackled using first-order methods that require computing the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-30 Marco Rando , Samuel Vaiter

Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is a critical component of machine learning pipelines, significantly affecting model robustness, stability, and generalization. However, HPO is often a time-consuming and computationally intensive task.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Ruinan Wang , Ian Nabney , Mohammad Golbabaee

In recent years, solving optimization problems involving black-box simulators has become a point of focus for the machine learning community due to their ubiquity in science and engineering. The simulators describe a forward process…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Fabio Valerio Massoli , Tim Bakker , Thomas Hehn , Tribhuvanesh Orekondy , Arash Behboodi

Much recent research has been conducted in the area of Bayesian learning, particularly with regard to the optimization of hyper-parameters via Gaussian process regression. The methodologies rely chiefly on the method of maximizing the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-05-13 James Brofos

Bayesian optimization (BO) is one of the most powerful strategies to solve computationally expensive-to-evaluate blackbox optimization problems. However, BO methods are conventionally used for optimization problems of small dimension…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-10 Rémy Priem , Youssef Diouane , Nathalie Bartoli , Sylvain Dubreuil , Paul Saves

Training deep neural networks consumes increasing computational resource shares in many compute centers. Often, a brute force approach to obtain hyperparameter values is employed. Our goal is (1) to enhance this by enabling second-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Severin Reiz , Tobias Neckel , Hans-Joachim Bungartz

Robust machine learning is currently one of the most prominent topics which could potentially help shaping a future of advanced AI platforms that not only perform well in average cases but also in worst cases or adverse situations. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Pu Zhao , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Nghia Hoang , Kaidi Xu , Bhavya Kailkhura , Xue Lin

Recently, a number of competitive methods have tackled unsupervised representation learning by maximising the mutual information between the representations produced from augmentations. The resulting representations are then invariant to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Luke Nicholas Darlow , Amos Storkey