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Muon scattering tomography (MST) is a non-destructive technique to image various materials by utilizing cosmic ray muons as probes. A typical MST system with a two-fold track detectors is particularly effective in detecting high-$Z$…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-08-22 Jiahui Chen , Huiling Li , Yiyue Li , Pingcheng Liu

The civil engineering industry faces a critical need for innovative non-destructive evaluation methods, particularly for ageing critical infrastructure, such as bridges, where current techniques fall short. Muography, a non-invasive imaging…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-03 William O'Donnell , David Mahon , Guangliang Yang , Simon Gardner

Muon Scattering Tomography (MST) has been shown to be a powerful technique for the non-invasive imaging of high-shielded objects. We present here the application of the MST technique to investigate two types of nuclear waste packages, a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-05-13 A. F. Alrheli , D. Barker , C. De Sio , D. Kikoła , A. K. Kopp , M. Mhaidra , J. P. Stowell , L. F. Thompson , J. J. Velthuis , M. J. Weekes

Highly energetic, cosmic-ray muons can easily penetrate a dry storage cask and yield information about the material inside it by making use of the physics of multiple Coulomb scattering. Work by others has shown this information may be used…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-02-01 Zhengzhi Liu , Jason Hayward , Can Liao , Haori Yang

Muon Tomography (MT) based on the measurement of multiple scattering of atmospheric cosmic ray muons traversing shipping containers is a promising candidate for identifying threatening high-Z materials. Since position-sensitive detectors…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-06-25 Marcus Hohlmann , Patrick Ford , Kondo Gnanvo , Jennifer Helsby , David Pena , Richard Hoch , Debasis Mitra

We present results from a detailed GEANT4 simulation of a proposed Muon Tomography System that employs compact Micro Pattern Gas Detectors with high spatial resolution. A basic Point-Of-Closest-Approach algorithm is applied to reconstructed…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-11-15 Kondo Gnanvo , Patrick Ford , Jennifer Helsby , Richie Hoch , Debasis Mitra , Marcus Hohlmann

Muon Tomography based on the measurement of multiple scattering of atmospheric cosmic ray muons in matter is a promising technique for detecting heavily shielded high-Z radioactive materials (U, Pu) in cargo or vehicles. The technique uses…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-11-26 Kondo Gnanvo , Leonard V. Grasso , Marcus Hohlmann , Judson B. Locke , Amilkar S. Quintero , Debasis Mitra

In cultural heritage conservation, it is increasingly common to rely on non-destructive imaging methods based on the absorption or scattering of photons ($X$ or $\gamma$ rays) or neutrons. However, physical and practical issues limit these…

Cosmic-ray muons are highly penetrative charged particles that are observed at sea level with a flux of approximately one per square centimetre per minute. They interact with matter primarily through Coulomb scattering, which is exploited…

Nuclear materials accountability and nonproliferation are among the critical tasks to be addressed for the advancement of nuclear energy in the United States. Monitoring spent nuclear fuel is important to continue reliable stewardship of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-12-12 Junghyun Bae , Stylianos Chatzidakis

Current radiation portal monitors at sea ports and international borders that employ standard radiation detection techniques are not very sensitive to nuclear contraband that is well shielded to absorb emanating radiation. Muon Tomography…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-11-17 M. Hohlmann , K. Gnanvo , L. Grasso , J. B. Locke , A. Quintero , D. Mitra

Muon tomography is a non-destructive imaging technique that exploits cosmic-ray muons from multiple directions. Its performance critically depends on the stability, active-area coverage, and spatial resolution of position-sensitive…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-12-02 Yiyue Li , Huiling Li , Hui Liang , Cong Liu , Chenghan Lv , Hongbo Wang , Weiwei Xu

Muon imaging, a non-invasive technique that utilizes naturally occurring cosmic muons, has emerged as a promising tool for exploring underwater objects, including shipwrecks. This study investigates the potential of muon radiography to…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-09 Anzori Sh. Georgadze

Muon tomography is developing as a promising system to detect high-Z (atomic number) material for ensuring homeland security. In the present work, three kinds of spatial locations of materials which are made of aluminum, iron, lead and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-08-04 Xiao-Dong Wang , Kai-Xuan Ye , Yu-Lei Li , Wen Luo , Hui-Yin Wu , He-Run Yang , Guo-Xiang Chen , Zhi-Chao Zhu , Xiu-Liang Zhao

Muon radiography, also known as muography, is a non-destructive geophysical technique for the study of the internal structure of large objects such as volcanoes. This is possible by constructing an image based on the differential absorption…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-06-14 R. Calderón-Ardila , A. Almela , M. Gómez-Berisso , A. Sedoski , C. Varela , A. Vesga-Ramírez , H. Asorey

Imaging methods based on the absorption or scattering of atmospheric muons, collectively named under the neologism "muography", exploit the abundant natural flux of muons produced from cosmic-ray interactions in the atmosphere. Recent years…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-02-18 Lorenzo Bonechi , Raffaello D'Alessandro , Andrea Giammanco

Non-destructive subsurface imaging methods based on the absorption or scattering of photons or neutrons are becoming increasingly popular in cultural asset conservation. However, these techniques are limited by physical and practical…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-09-18 Marwa Moussawi , Andrea Giammanco , Vishal Kumar , Maxime Lagrange

Cosmic ray muons enable non-invasive imaging of dense structures through multipleCoulomb scattering (MCS), with scattering angles dependent on atomic number (Z). Traditional algorithms like Point of Closest Approach (PoCA) assume single…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Reshma Ughade , Stylianos Chatzidakis

We demonstrate that muon tomography can be used to precisely measure the properties of various materials. The materials which have been considered have been extracted from an experimental blast furnace, including carbon (coke) and iron…

Tomographic imaging techniques using the Coulomb scattering of cosmic-ray muons have been shown previously to successfully identify and characterise low- and high-Z materials within an air matrix using a prototype scintillating-fibre…