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Reducing hateful and offensive content in online social media pose a dual problem for the moderators. On the one hand, rigid censorship on social media cannot be imposed. On the other, the free flow of such content cannot be allowed. Hence,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Punyajoy Saha , Binny Mathew , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherjee

Social media platforms have recently seen an increase in the occurrence of hate speech discourse which has led to calls for improved detection methods. Most of these rely on annotated data, keywords, and a classification technique. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Jherez Taylor , Melvyn Peignon , Yi-Shin Chen

Hate speech is plaguing the cyberspace along with user-generated content. This paper investigates the role of conversational context in the annotation and detection of online hate and counter speech, where context is defined as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-15 Xinchen Yu , Eduardo Blanco , Lingzi Hong

While memes are often humorous, they are frequently used to disseminate hate, causing serious harm to individuals and society. Current approaches to hateful meme detection mainly rely on pre-trained language models. However, less focus has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Weibin Cai , Jiayu Li , Reza Zafarani

We present a neural-network based approach to classifying online hate speech in general, as well as racist and sexist speech in particular. Using pre-trained word embeddings and max/mean pooling from simple, fully-connected transformations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Rohan Kshirsagar , Tyus Cukuvac , Kathleen McKeown , Susan McGregor

In the recent years online social media platforms has been flooded with hateful remarks such as racism, sexism, homophobia etc. As a result, there have been many measures taken by various social media platforms to mitigate the spread of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Abhay Kumar , Vigneshwaran Shankaran , Rajesh Sharma

Automatic detection of online hate speech serves as a crucial step in the detoxification of the online discourse. Moreover, accurate classification can promote a better understanding of the proliferation of hate as a social phenomenon.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Tom Marzea , Abraham Israeli , Oren Tsur

Recently, social media platforms are heavily moderated to prevent the spread of online hate speech, which is usually fertile in toxic words and is directed toward an individual or a community. Owing to such heavy moderation, newer and more…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Punyajoy Saha , Kiran Garimella , Narla Komal Kalyan , Saurabh Kumar Pandey , Pauras Mangesh Meher , Binny Mathew , Animesh Mukherjee

Online hate detection suffers from biases incurred in data sampling, annotation, and model pre-training. Therefore, measuring the averaged performance over all examples in held-out test data is inadequate. Instead, we must identify specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yiping Jin , Leo Wanner , Alexander Shvets

Cyberbullying is a problem in today's ubiquitous online communities. Filtering it out of online conversations has proven a challenge, and efforts have led to the creation of many different datasets, all offered as resources to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Khoury Richard , Larochelle Marc-André

Hate speech online targets individuals or groups based on identity attributes and spreads rapidly, posing serious social risks. Memes, which combine images and text, have emerged as a nuanced vehicle for disseminating hate speech, often…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Rui Xing , Qi Chai , Jie Ma , Jing Tao , Pinghui Wang , Shuming Zhang , Xinping Wang , Hao Wang

With the recent surge and exponential growth of social media usage, scrutinizing social media content for the presence of any hateful content is of utmost importance. Researchers have been diligently working since the past decade on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Atanu Mandal , Gargi Roy , Amit Barman , Indranil Dutta , Sudip Kumar Naskar

Machine learning (ML)-based content moderation tools are essential to keep online spaces free from hateful communication. Yet, ML tools can only be as capable as the quality of the data they are trained on allows them. While there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Zehui Yu , Indira Sen , Dennis Assenmacher , Mattia Samory , Leon Fröhling , Christina Dahn , Debora Nozza , Claudia Wagner

Hate speech detection within a cross-lingual setting represents a paramount area of interest for all medium and large-scale online platforms. Failing to properly address this issue on a global scale has already led over time to morally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Teodor Tiţa , Arkaitz Zubiaga

Hate speech online remains an understudied issue for marginalized communities, particularly in the Global South, which includes developing societies with increasing internet penetration. In this paper, we aim to provide marginalized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Haotian Ye , Axel Wisiorek , Antonis Maronikolakis , Özge Alaçam , Hinrich Schütze

Detecting hate speech in the workplace is a unique classification task, as the underlying social context implies a subtler version of conventional hate speech. Applications regarding a state-of the-art workplace sexism detection model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Dylan Grosz , Patricia Conde-Cespedes

Automatic hate speech detection is an important yet complex task, requiring knowledge of common sense, stereotypes of protected groups, and histories of discrimination, each of which may constantly evolve. In this paper, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Karina Halevy

Hate speech detection research has predominantly focused on purely content-based methods, without exploiting any additional context. We briefly critique pros and cons of this task formulation. We then investigate profiling users by their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Prateek Chaudhry , Matthew Lease

In the past few years, there has been a surge of interest in multi-modal problems, from image captioning to visual question answering and beyond. In this paper, we focus on hate speech detection in multi-modal memes wherein memes pose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Abhishek Das , Japsimar Singh Wahi , Siyao Li

\textbf{Offensive Content Warning}: This paper contains offensive language only for providing examples that clarify this research and do not reflect the authors' opinions. Please be aware that these examples are offensive and may cause you…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Urja Khurana , Ivar Vermeulen , Eric Nalisnick , Marloes van Noorloos , Antske Fokkens