English
Related papers

Related papers: Causal Estimation with Functional Confounders

200 papers

Causal inference is best understood using potential outcomes. This use is particularly important in more complex settings, that is, observational studies or randomized experiments with complications such as noncompliance. The topic of this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Donald B. Rubin

We study causal effect estimation from a mixture of observational and interventional data in a confounded linear regression model with multivariate treatments. We show that the statistical efficiency in terms of expected squared error can…

Much research has been devoted to the problem of estimating treatment effects from observational data; however, most methods assume that the observed variables only contain confounders, i.e., variables that affect both the treatment and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Weijia Zhang , Lin Liu , Jiuyong Li

We address the problem of estimating causal effects from observational data in the presence of network confounding, a setting where both treatment assignment and observed outcomes of individuals may be influenced by their neighbors within a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Abhishek Dalvi , Neil Ashtekar , Vasant Honavar

Causal inference in spatial domains faces two intertwined challenges: (1) unmeasured spatial factors, such as weather, air pollution, or mobility, that confound treatment and outcome, and (2) interference from nearby treatments that violate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ayush Khot , Miruna Oprescu , Maresa Schröder , Ai Kagawa , Xihaier Luo

Causal effect estimation from observational data is fundamental across various applications. However, selecting an appropriate estimator from dozens of specialized methods demands substantial manual effort and domain expertise. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Vahid Balazadeh , Hamidreza Kamkari , Valentin Thomas , Benson Li , Junwei Ma , Jesse C. Cresswell , Rahul G. Krishnan

We address the problem of inferring the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome across space, using observational data. The data is possibly subject to unmeasured confounding variables which, in a standard approach, must be adjusted for…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-04 Muhammad Osama , Dave Zachariah , Thomas B. Schön

Causal inference studies using textual social media data can provide actionable insights on human behavior. Making accurate causal inferences with text requires controlling for confounding which could otherwise impart bias. Recently, many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Galen Weld , Peter West , Maria Glenski , David Arbour , Ryan Rossi , Tim Althoff

Unobserved confounders are a long-standing issue in causal inference using propensity score methods. This study proposed nonparametric indices to quantify the impact of unobserved confounders through pseudo-experiments with an application…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-27 Beilin Jia , Donglin Zeng , Qing Yang , Wei Pan

Estimating treatment effects plays a crucial role in causal inference, having many real-world applications like policy analysis and decision making. Nevertheless, estimating treatment effects in the longitudinal setting in the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Defu Cao , James Enouen , Yan Liu

Observational data is increasingly used as a means for making individual-level causal predictions and intervention recommendations. The foremost challenge of causal inference from observational data is hidden confounding, whose presence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-30 Nathan Kallus , Aahlad Manas Puli , Uri Shalit

Causal inference methods are widely applied in various decision-making domains such as precision medicine, optimal policy and economics. Central to causal inference is the treatment effect estimation of intervention strategies, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Tri Dung Duong , Qian Li , Guandong Xu

In this paper, we provide efficient estimators and honest confidence bands for a variety of treatment effects including local average (LATE) and local quantile treatment effects (LQTE) in data-rich environments. We can handle very many…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-01-08 Alexandre Belloni , Victor Chernozhukov , Ivan Fernández-Val , Christian Hansen

In this paper, we introduce a unified estimator to analyze various treatment effects in causal inference, including but not limited to the average treatment effect (ATE) and the quantile treatment effect (QTE). The proposed estimator is…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-31 Kuan-Hsun Wu , Li-Pang Chen

When examining a contrast between two interventions, longitudinal causal inference studies frequently encounter positivity violations when one or both regimes are impossible to observe for some subjects. Existing weighting methods either…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-11 Alec McClean , Iván Díaz

We propose causal effect estimators based on empirical Fr\'{e}chet means and operator-valued kernels, tailored to functional data spaces. These methods address the challenges of high-dimensionality, sequential ordering, and model complexity…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-04 Yordan P. Raykov , Hengrui Luo , Justin D. Strait , Wasiur R. KhudaBukhsh

Latent confounders---unobserved variables that influence both treatment and outcome---can bias estimates of causal effects. In some cases, these confounders are shared across observations, e.g. all students taking a course are influenced by…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-15 Sam Witty , Kenta Takatsu , David Jensen , Vikash Mansinghka

We study identification and estimation of causal effects in settings with panel data. Traditionally researchers follow model-based identification strategies relying on assumptions governing the relation between the potential outcomes and…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-02-18 Dmitry Arkhangelsky , Guido W. Imbens

Causal evidence is needed to act and it is often enough for the evidence to point towards a direction of the effect of an action. For example, policymakers might be interested in estimating the effect of slightly increasing taxes on private…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-08-11 Dominik Rothenhäusler , Bin Yu

What is the difference of a prediction that is made with a causal model and a non-causal model? Suppose we intervene on the predictor variables or change the whole environment. The predictions from a causal model will in general work as…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-27 Jonas Peters , Peter Bühlmann , Nicolai Meinshausen