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Information extraction from copy-heavy documents, characterized by massive volumes of structurally similar content, represents a critical yet understudied challenge in enterprise document processing. We present a systematic framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zilong Wang , Xiaoyu Shen

The generation of precise and detailed Table-Of-Contents (TOC) from a document is a problem of major importance for document understanding and information extraction. Despite its importance, it is still a challenging task, especially for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Najah-Imane Bentabet , Rémi Juge , Sira Ferradans

How do computers and intelligent agents view the world around them? Feature extraction and representation constitutes one the basic building blocks towards answering this question. Traditionally, this has been done with carefully engineered…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Jaime Spencer , Richard Bowden , Simon Hadfield

Tables are a powerful and popular tool for organizing and manipulating data. A vast number of tables can be found on the Web, which represents a valuable knowledge resource. The objective of this survey is to synthesize and present two…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-02-06 Shuo Zhang , Krisztian Balog

Table images present unique challenges for effective and efficient understanding due to the need for question-specific focus and the presence of redundant background regions. Existing Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) approaches often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jongha Kim , Minseong Bae , Sanghyeok Lee , Jinsung Yoon , Hyunwoo J. Kim

Heterogeneous tabular data are the most commonly used form of data and are essential for numerous critical and computationally demanding applications. On homogeneous data sets, deep neural networks have repeatedly shown excellent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Vadim Borisov , Tobias Leemann , Kathrin Seßler , Johannes Haug , Martin Pawelczyk , Gjergji Kasneci

Tables in Web documents are pervasive and can be directly used to answer many of the queries searched on the Web, motivating their integration in question answering. Very often information presented in tables is succinct and hard to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Vicky Zayats , Kristina Toutanova , Mari Ostendorf

Document layout analysis involves understanding the arrangement of elements within a document. This paper navigates the complexities of understanding various elements within document images, such as text, images, tables, and headings. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Tahira Shehzadi , Didier Stricker , Muhammad Zeshan Afzal

Leveraging the in-context learning (ICL) capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) for tabular classification has gained significant attention for its training-free adaptability across diverse datasets. Recent advancements, like TabPFN,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yuchen Zeng , Tuan Dinh , Wonjun Kang , Andreas C Mueller

Interpretability and explainability are among the most important challenges of modern artificial intelligence, being mentioned even in various legislative sources. In this article, we develop a method for extracting immediately human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Reijo Jaakkola , Tomi Janhunen , Antti Kuusisto , Masood Feyzbakhsh Rankooh , Miikka Vilander

Tabular data, structured as rows and columns, is among the most prevalent data types in machine learning classification and regression applications. Models for learning from tabular data have continuously evolved, with Deep Neural Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Jun-Peng Jiang , Si-Yang Liu , Hao-Run Cai , Qile Zhou , Han-Jia Ye

The automatic recognition of tabular data in document images presents a significant challenge due to the diverse range of table styles and complex structures. Tables offer valuable content representation, enhancing the predictive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Avinash Anand , Raj Jaiswal , Pijush Bhuyan , Mohit Gupta , Siddhesh Bangar , Md. Modassir Imam , Rajiv Ratn Shah , Shin'ichi Satoh

In recent years, Deep Learning has gained popularity for its ability to solve complex classification tasks, increasingly delivering better results thanks to the development of more accurate models, the availability of huge volumes of data…

Obtaining annotated table structure data for complex tables is a challenging task due to the inherent diversity and complexity of real-world document layouts. The scarcity of publicly available datasets with comprehensive annotations for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Syed Jawwad Haider Hamdani , Saifullah Saifullah , Stefan Agne , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Tabular deep-learning methods require embedding numerical and categorical input features into high-dimensional spaces before processing them. Existing methods deal with this heterogeneous nature of tabular data by employing separate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Boshko Koloski , Andrei Margeloiu , Xiangjian Jiang , Blaž Škrlj , Nikola Simidjievski , Mateja Jamnik

Recent studies show the promise of large language models (LLMs) for few-shot tabular classification but highlight challenges due to the variability in structured data. To address this, we propose distilling data into actionable insights to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Yifei Yuan , Jiatong Li , Weijia Zhang , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas , Renjun Hu

The task of table structure recognition aims to recognize the internal structure of a table, which is a key step to make machines understand tables. Currently, there are lots of studies on this task for different file formats such as ASCII…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-08-29 Zewen Chi , Heyan Huang , Heng-Da Xu , Houjin Yu , Wanxuan Yin , Xian-Ling Mao

Active learning (AL) is a prominent technique for reducing the annotation effort required for training machine learning models. Deep learning offers a solution for several essential obstacles to deploying AL in practice but introduces many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Akim Tsvigun , Artem Shelmanov , Gleb Kuzmin , Leonid Sanochkin , Daniil Larionov , Gleb Gusev , Manvel Avetisian , Leonid Zhukov

Extracting information from unstructured text documents is a demanding task, since these documents can have a broad variety of different layouts and a non-trivial reading order, like it is the case for multi-column documents or nested…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Matthias Engelbach , Dennis Klau , Jens Drawehn , Maximilien Kintz

Nowadays, the huge amount of information distributed through the Web motivates studying techniques to be adopted in order to extract relevant data in an efficient and reliable way. Both academia and enterprises developed several approaches…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-06-06 Emilio Ferrara , Robert Baumgartner