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Deep neural networks have significantly improved the performance of low-level vision tasks but also increased the difficulty of interpretability. A deep understanding of deep models is beneficial for both network design and practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jinfan Hu , Jinjin Gu , Shiyao Yu , Fanghua Yu , Zheyuan Li , Zhiyuan You , Chaochao Lu , Chao Dong

Saliency maps have been widely used to interpret deep learning classifiers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, since AD is heterogeneous and has multiple subtypes, the pathological mechanism of AD remains not fully understood and may…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Yihan Zhang , Xuanshuo Zhang , Wei Wu , Haohan Wang

While success of Deep Learning (DL) in automated diagnosis can be transformative to the medicinal practice especially for people with little or no access to doctors, its widespread acceptability is severely limited by inherent black-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Mehak Aggarwal , Nishanth Arun , Sharut Gupta , Ashwin Vaswani , Bryan Chen , Matthew Li , Ken Chang , Jay Patel , Katherine Hoebel , Mishka Gidwani , Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer , Praveer Singh

Most of the saliency methods are evaluated on their ability to generate saliency maps, and not on their functionality in a complete vision pipeline, like for instance, image classification. In the current paper, we propose an approach which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Carola Figueroa-Flores , Bogdan Raducanu , David Berga , Joost van de Weijer

Saliency maps that identify the most informative regions of an image for a classifier are valuable for model interpretability. A common approach to creating saliency maps involves generating input masks that mask out portions of an image to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Jason Phang , Jungkyu Park , Krzysztof J. Geras

The willingness to trust predictions formulated by automatic algorithms is key in a vast number of domains. However, a vast number of deep architectures are only able to formulate predictions without an associated uncertainty. In this…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-28 Matteo Ferrante , Tommaso Boccato , Nicola Toschi

Exploring the application of deep learning technologies in the field of medical diagnostics, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a unique perspective for observing and diagnosing complex neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Shaojie Li , Haichen Qu , Xinqi Dong , Bo Dang , Hengyi Zang , Yulu Gong

Deep learning has shown superb performance in detecting objects and classifying images, ensuring a great promise for analyzing medical imaging. Translating the success of deep learning to medical imaging, in which doctors need to understand…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Lennart Brocki , Wistan Marchadour , Jonas Maison , Bogdan Badic , Panagiotis Papadimitroulas , Mathieu Hatt , Franck Vermet , Neo Christopher Chung

By highlighting the regions of the input image that contribute the most to the decision, saliency maps have become a popular method to make neural networks interpretable. In medical imaging, they are particularly well-suited to explain…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Kaifeng Zou , Sylvain Faisan , Fabrice Heitz , Marie Epain , Pierre Croisille , Laurent Fanton , Sébastien Valette

Neural networks have greatly boosted performance in computer vision by learning powerful representations of input data. The drawback of end-to-end training for maximal overall performance are black-box models whose hidden representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Patrick Esser , Robin Rombach , Björn Ommer

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer great machine learning performance over a range of applications, but their operation is hard to interpret, even for experts. Various explanation algorithms have been proposed to address this issue,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Ahmed Alqaraawi , Martin Schuessler , Philipp Weiß , Enrico Costanza , Nadia Berthouze

Transparency and explainability in image classification are essential for establishing trust in machine learning models and detecting biases and errors. State-of-the-art explainability methods generate saliency maps to show where a specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Matteo Bianchi , Antonio De Santis , Andrea Tocchetti , Marco Brambilla

This paper studies interpretability of convolutional networks by means of saliency maps. Most approaches based on Class Activation Maps (CAM) combine information from fully connected layers and gradient through variants of backpropagation.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Felipe Torres Figueroa , Hanwei Zhang , Ronan Sicre , Yannis Avrithis , Stephane Ayache

Deep learning methods have established a significant place in image classification. While prior research has focused on enhancing final outcomes, the opaque nature of the decision-making process in these models remains a concern for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Elmira Mousa Rezabeyk , Salar Beigzad , Yasin Hamzavi , Mohsen Bagheritabar , Seyedeh Sogol Mirikhoozani

Deep learning techniques have proven highly effective in image classification, but their deployment in resourceconstrained environments remains challenging due to high computational demands. Furthermore, their interpretability is of high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Alireza Maleki , Mahsa Lavaei , Mohsen Bagheritabar , Salar Beigzad , Zahra Abadi

Deep neural networks are complex and opaque. As they enter application in a variety of important and safety critical domains, users seek methods to explain their output predictions. We develop an approach to explaining deep neural networks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-05 Michael Harradon , Jeff Druce , Brian Ruttenberg

Class activation map (CAM) helps to formulate saliency maps that aid in interpreting the deep neural network's prediction. Gradient-based methods are generally faster than other branches of vision interpretability and independent of human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Masud An Nur Islam Fahim , Nazmus Saqib , Shafkat Khan Siam , Ho Yub Jung

Interpreting complex deep networks, notably pre-trained vision-language models (VLMs), is a formidable challenge. Current Class Activation Map (CAM) methods highlight regions revealing the model's decision-making basis but lack clear…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yuguang Yang , Runtang Guo , Sheng Wu , Yimi Wang , Linlin Yang , Bo Fan , Jilong Zhong , Juan Zhang , Baochang Zhang

The interpretability of deep neural networks has become a subject of great interest within the medical and healthcare domain. This attention stems from concerns regarding transparency, legal and ethical considerations, and the medical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-20 Mahbub Ul Alam , Jaakko Hollmén , Jón Rúnar Baldvinsson , Rahim Rahmani

Existing saliency-guided training approaches improve model generalization by incorporating a loss term that compares the model's class activation map (CAM) for a sample's true-class ({\it i.e.}, correct-label class) against a human…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Jacob Piland , Chris Sweet , Adam Czajka