Related papers: Proton mass decomposition: naturalness and interpr…
Proton decay is a baryon number violating process, and hence is forbidden in the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics. Baryon number violation is expected to be an important criteria to explain the matter-anti-matter asymmetry of the…
The problem of anisotropic pressures arising as a consequence of the spatial symmetry breaking introduced by an external magnetic field in quantum systems is discussed. The role of the conservation of energy and momentum of external fields…
The visible world is founded on the proton, the only composite building block of matter that is stable in nature. Consequently, understanding the formation of matter relies on explaining the dynamics and the properties of the proton's bound…
We investigate the angular momentum decomposition with a quantum electrodynamics example to clarify the proton spin decomposition debates. We adopt the light-front formalism where the parton model is well defined. We prove that the sum of…
This study delves into the contribution of the strange quark within the proton, which influences several fundamental proton properties. By establishing a robust relationship between the proton's quantum anomalous energy and the sigma term,…
Background: The "proton radius puzzle" refers to an eight-year old problem that highlights major inconsistencies in the extraction of the charge radius of the proton from muonic Lamb-shift experiments as compared against experiments using…
The electromagnetic form factor of proton is studied following our previous calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment. The non-perturbative term is incorporated to correct the $Q^2$ dependence.
Improved measurements of the proton's structure are now possible thanks to significant technical advances that allow us to probe the proton with polarized photons. These measurements have shown that the proton is not as simple as previously…
Mass formulas for the light-vector mesons written in terms of the gluon condensate i.e., the trace anomaly in quantum chromodynamics (QCD), are derived on the basis of finite energy QCD sum rules. We utilize sum rules with $s^n$ and…
We advocate the idea that proton decay may probe physics at the Planck scale instead of the GUT scale. This is possible because supersymmetric theories have dimension-5 operators that can induce proton decay at dangerous rates, even with…
Background: There is significant current interest in knowing the value of the proton radius and also its proper definition. Purpose: Combine the disparate literatures of hydrogen spectroscopy and diverse modern parton distributions to show…
The gauge dependence in the anomalous dimension of the gauge-invariant-canonical-energy-momentum tensor for proton is studied by the background field method. The naive calculation shows the problem, the absence of the counter term in the…
The amplitude for ordinary muon capture on the proton is evaluated, through the first four orders in the expansion parameter, in a manifestly Lorentz invariant form of baryon chiral perturbation theory. Expressions for the low energy…
Exploring physics beyond General Relativity and the Standard Model of Particle Physics involves investigating spacetime variations in natural constants. This study employs an $H_2$-single of QSO 0347-383 observational spectrum to propose a…
A very simple formula is presented that relates the logarithm of the half-life, corrected by the centrifugal barrier, with the Coulomb parameter in proton decay processes. The corresponding experimental data lie on two straight lines which…
The measurement process in quantum mechanics is usually described by the von Neumann projection postulate, which forms a basic constituent of the laws of quantum mechanics. Since this postulate requires the outside observer of the system,…
Multidimensional cosmologies allow for variations of fundamental physical constants over the course of cosmological evolution, and different versions of the theories predict different time dependences. In particular, such variations could…
We provide a theoretical basis for understanding the spin structure of the proton in terms of the spin and orbital angular momenta of free quarks and gluons in Feynman's parton picture. We show that each term in the Jaffe-Manohar spin sum…
In this paper we investigate a possible energy scale dependence of the quantization rules and in particular, from a phenomenological point of view, an energy scale dependence of an effective $\hbar$. We set a bound on the deviation from the…
We give a pedagogical introduction to the origin of the mass of the nucleon. We first review the trace anomaly of the energy-momentum tensor, which generates most of the nucleon mass via the gluon fields and thus contributes even in the…