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Since 2008 August the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) has provided continuous coverage of the gamma-ray sky yielding more than 5000 gamma-ray sources, but 54% of the detected sources remain with no certain or unknown association with a low…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-01 Chiaro G. , Kovacevic M. , La Mura G

In its first four years of operation, the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) detected 3033 $\gamma$-ray emitting sources. In the Fermi-LAT Third Source Catalogue (3FGL) about 50% of the sources have no clear association with a likely…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-07-19 David Salvetti , Graziano Chiaro , Giovanni La Mura , David J. Thompson

Machine learning is an automatic technique that is revolutionizing scientific research, with innovative applications and wide use in astrophysics. The aim of this study was to developed an optimized version of an Artificial Neural Network…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-26 Miloš Kovačević , Graziano Chiaro , Sara Cutini , Gino Tosti

Nearly 1/3 of the sources listed in the Third Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) catalog (3FGL) remain unassociated. It is possible that predicted and even unanticipated gamma-ray source classes are present in these data waiting to be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-06 N. Mirabal , E. Charles , E. C. Ferrara , P. L. Gonthier , A. K. Harding , M. A. Sánchez-Conde , D. J. Thompson

We describe an image-based method that uses two radio criteria, compactness and spectral index, to identify promising pulsar candidates among Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) unassociated sources. These criteria are applied to those radio…

The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope has been detecting a wealth of sources where the multi-wavelength counterpart is either inconclusive or missing altogether. We present a combination of factors that can be used to identify…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 F. Acero , D. Donato , R. Ojha , J. Stevens , P. G. Edwards , E. Ferrara , J. Blanchard , J. E. J. Lovell , D. J. Thompson

In the paper we develop multi-class classification of Fermi-LAT gamma-ray sources using machine learning with hierarchical determination of classes. One of the main challenges in the multi-class classification of the Fermi-LAT sources is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-14 Dmitry V. Malyshev , Aakash Bhat

The latest $\textit{Fermi}$-LAT gamma-ray catalog, 4FGL-DR3, presents a large fraction of sources without clear association to known counterparts, i.e., unidentified sources (unIDs). In this paper, we aim to classify them using machine…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-04-03 Javier Coronado-Blázquez

Approximately one-third of the gamma-ray sources in the third Fermi-LAT catalog are unidentified or unassociated with objects at other wavelengths. Observations with Swift-XRT have yielded possible counterparts in $\sim$30% of these source…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-01-08 Amanpreet Kaur , Abraham D Falcone , Michael D Stroh , Jamie A Kennea , Elizabeth C Ferrara

Our survey of the fourth $\mathit{Fermi}$ Large Area Telescope catalog (4FGL) unassociated gamma-ray source regions using the X-Ray Telescope (XRT) and Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) aboard the Neil Gehrels $\mathit{Swift}$…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-17 Kyle D. Neumann , Abraham D. Falcone , Stephen DiKerby , Sierra Deppe , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , Jamie A. Kennea , Brad Cenko , Eric Grove

The automatic classification of X-ray detections is a necessary step in extracting astrophysical information from compiled catalogs of astrophysical sources. Classification is useful for the study of individual objects, statistics for…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-30 Víctor Samuel Pérez-Díaz , Juan Rafael Martínez-Galarza , Alexander Caicedo , Raffaele D'Abrusco

The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope is producing the most detailed inventory of the gamma-ray sky to date. Despite tremendous achievements approximately 25% of all Fermi extragalactic sources in the Second Fermi LAT Catalogue (2FGL) are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-12-12 T. Hassan , N. Mirabal , J. L. Contreras , I. Oya

In the latest data release from the Fermi $\gamma$-ray Space Telescope (the 4th Fermi LAT 14 yr Catalog, or 4FGL), more than 50% of the Galactic sources are yet to be identified. We observed 13 unidentified Fermi LAT sources with the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-30 Blagoy Rangelov , Hui Yang , Brice Williams , Oleg Kargaltsev , Jeremy Hare , Kean Martinic

The third Fermi-LAT catalog (3FGL) presented the data of the first four years of observations from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission. There are 3034 sources, 1010 of which still remain unidentified. Identifying and classifying…

About one third of the 3033 $\gamma$-ray sources in the Third Fermi-LAT Gamma-ray Source Catalogue (3FGL) are unidentified and do not have even a tentative association with a known object, hence they are defined as unassociated. Among…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-06-28 D. Salvetti , R. P. Mignani , A. De Luca , M. Marelli , C. Pallanca , A. A. Breeveld , P. Husemann , A. Belfiore , W. Becker , J. Greiner

This paper explores the application of machine learning methods for classifying astronomical sources using photometric data, including normal and emission line galaxies (ELGs; starforming, starburst, AGN, broad line), quasars, and stars. We…

We present a systematic search for spatial association between a high confidence sample of 3,166 morphologically selected galaxy mergers drawn from the initial convolutional neural network (CNN) catalog of 328,151 candidate mergers and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-15 Siddhant Manna , Shantanu Desai

Associating gamma-ray sources to their low-energy counterparts is one of the major challenges of modern gamma-ray astronomy. In the context of the Fourth Fermi Large Area Telescope Source Catalog (4FGL), the associations rely mainly on…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-03 Raniere de Menezes , Raffaele D'Abrusco , Francesco Massaro , Dario Gasparrini , Rodrigo Nemmen

We report on a search for steep spectrum radio sources within the 95% confidence error ellipses of the Fermi unassociated sources from the Large Array Telescope (LAT). Using existing catalogs and the newly released GMRT all-sky survey at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-07-27 D. A. Frail , K. P. Mooley , P. Jagannathan , H. T. Intema

We present the third Fermi Large Area Telescope source catalog (3FGL) of sources in the 100 MeV-300 GeV range. Based on the first four years of science data from the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission, it is the deepest yet in this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-10 LAT Collaboration