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We establish a steady-state theory for nonlinear optical conductivity in pseudo-Hermitian systems. We derive compact formulas for the first and second order conductivity tensors in both the velocity and length gauges and prove their exact…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 S. Sajad Dabiri , Reza Asgari

Circumventing the reciprocity invariance has posed an interesting challenge in the design of modern devices for wave engineering. In passive devices, operating the device in the nonlinear response regime is a common means for realizing…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Andrus Giraldo , Behrooz Yousefzadeh

Non-reciprocal transmission of motion is potentially highly beneficial to a wide range of applications, ranging from wave guiding, to shock and vibration damping and energy harvesting. To date, large levels of non-reciprocity have been…

Applied Physics · Physics 2019-10-23 Martin Brandenbourger , Xander Locsin , Edan Lerner , Corentin Coulais

Non-reciprocal devices, which allow the non-reciprocal signal routing, serve as the fundamental elements in photonic and microwave circuits and are crucial in both classical and quantum information processing. The radiation-pressure-induced…

Achieving and controlling non-reciprocity in engineered photonic structures is of fundamental interest in science and engineering. Here, we introduce a tunable, non-Hermitian, nonlinear microwave dimer designed to precisely implement…

Nonreciprocal transmission forms the basic operation mechanism of optical diodes and isolators and requires the tantalizing task of breaking the Lorentz reciprocity law. In this work, strong nonreciprocal transmission is demonstrated by…

Optics · Physics 2020-08-10 Boyuan Jin , Christos Argyropoulos

Non-reciprocal devices are key components in both classical and quantum electronics. One approach to realizing passive non-reciprocal microwave devices is through capacitive coupling between external electrodes and materials exhibiting…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-09-03 Stefano Bosco

In the presence of loss and gain, the coupled mode equation on describing the mode hybridization of various waveguides or cavities, or cavities coupled to waveguides becomes intrinsically non-Hermitian. In such non-Hermitian waveguides, the…

Optics · Physics 2015-09-03 Jing Xu , Yuntian Chen

Nonreciprocal devices are a key element for signal routing and noise isolation. Rapid development of quantum technologies has boosted the demand for a new generation of miniaturized and low-loss nonreciprocal components. Here we use a pair…

In recent years, there has been growing interest in non-Hermitian phenomena in low-symmetry conductors, particularly optical gain driven by electro-optic effects. Conventional semiclassical treatments typically attribute these effects to…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-09 Sylvain Lannebère , Nader Engheta , Mário G. Silveirinha

We analyze the stability of a non-Hermitian coupler with respect to modulational inhomogeneous perturbations in the presence of unbalanced gain and loss. At the parity-time (PT) symmetry point the coupler is unstable. Suitable symmetry…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2017-06-28 Yannis Kominis , Tassos Bountis , Sergej Flach

Waveguides subject to spatiotemporal modulations are known to exhibit nonreciprocal vibration transmission, whereby interchanging the locations of the source and receiver change the end-to-end transmission characteristics. The scenario of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-10-20 Jiuda Wu , Behrooz Yousefzadeh

Modern photonic and quantum technologies demand reciprocity breaking, e.g., isolators, full-duplex systems, noise isolation in quantum computers, motivating searching for practical approaches beyond magnet-based devices. This work overviews…

Nonreciprocity is most commonly associated with a large difference in the transmitted energy when the locations of the source and receiver are interchanged. This energy bias is accompanied by a difference in the transmitted phase. We…

Applied Physics · Physics 2026-01-08 Ali Kogani , Behrooz Yousefzadeh

Nonreciprocal elements are a vital building block of electrical and optical systems. In the infrared regime, there is a particular interest in structures that break reciprocity because their thermal absorptive (and emissive) properties…

Optics · Physics 2022-03-15 Komron Shayegan , Bo Zhao , Yonghwi Kim , Shanhui Fan , Harry Atwater

A non-Hermitian interferometer can realize asymmetric transmission in the presence of imaginary potential and magnetic flux. Here, we propose a non-Hermitian dimer with an unequal hopping rate by an interferometer-like cluster in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-01 C. Li , L. Jin , Z. Song

Non-Hermitian systems with parity-time symmetry have been developed rapidly and hold great promise for future applications. Unlike most existing works considering the symmetry of the free energy terms (e.g., gain-loss system), in this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-21 Wenlin Li , Chong Li , Heshan Song

A system of two coupled semiconductor-based resonators is studied when lasing around an exceptional point. We show that the presence of nonlinear saturation effects can have important ramifications on the transition behavior of this system.…

Breaking optical reciprocity enables new regimes of light--matter interaction with broad implications for fundamental physics and emerging quantum technologies. Although various approaches have been explored to achieve optical…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-11 Jierui Hu , Hao Yuan , Joshua Akin , Shanhui Fan , Kejie Fang

Non-reciprocal optical components are indispensable in optical applications, and their realization without any magnetic field arose increasing research interests in photonics. Exciting experimental progress has been achieved by either…