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Related papers: Confidence-Aware Learning Assistant

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Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) has enabled them to communicate their confidence in natural language, improving transparency and reliability. However, this expressiveness is often accompanied by systematic overconfidence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Ki Jung Seo , Sehun Lim , Taeuk Kim

Multitask learning is a powerful framework that enables one to simultaneously learn multiple related tasks by sharing information between them. Quantifying uncertainty in the estimated tasks is of pivotal importance for many downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Pierre Laforgue , Nicolò Cesa-Bianchi , Andreas Krause

How do algorithmic decision aids introduced in business decision processes affect task performance? In a first experiment, we study effective collaboration. Faced with a decision, subjects alone have a success rate of 72%; Aided by a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Thomas Baudel , Manon Verbockhaven , Guillaume Roy , Victoire Cousergue , Rida Laarach

Confidence calibration is essential for making large language models (LLMs) reliable, yet existing training-free methods have been primarily studied under single-answer question answering. In this paper, we show that these methods break…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yuhan Wang , Shiyu Ni , Zhikai Ding , Zihang Zhan , Yuanzi Li , Keping Bi

Self-Consistency, a widely-used decoding strategy, significantly boosts the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, it depends on the plurality voting rule, which focuses on the most frequent answer while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Siyuan Huang , Zhiyuan Ma , Jintao Du , Changhua Meng , Weiqiang Wang , Zhouhan Lin

Self-consistency has emerged as a popular technique for improving large language model accuracy on reasoning tasks. The approach is straightforward: generate multiple reasoning paths and select the most common answer through majority…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Deep Mehta

Confidence estimation, a task that aims to evaluate the trustworthiness of the model's prediction output during deployment, has received lots of research attention recently, due to its importance for the safe deployment of deep models.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Haoxuan Qu , Yanchao Li , Lin Geng Foo , Jason Kuen , Jiuxiang Gu , Jun Liu

Achieving the right amount of trust in AI systems is important, but challenging. The problem is exacerbated with the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) as they provide human-level communication capabilities, but potentially hallucinate in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Daan Di Scala , Maaike de Boer , Pınar Yolum

We first consider the method of scoring students' self-assessment of confidence (SAC) used by Foster in [1], and find that with it reporting their true confidence is not the optimal strategy for students. We then identify all continuously…

Applications · Statistics 2023-09-28 Roger Sewell

Automated grading systems, or auto-graders, have become ubiquitous in programming education, and the way they generate feedback has become increasingly automated as well. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding auto-grader…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Adam Zhang , Heather Burte , Jaromir Savelka , Christopher Bogart , Majd Sakr

We characterize a notion of confidence that arises in learning or updating beliefs: the amount of trust one has in incoming information and its impact on the belief state. This learner's confidence can be used alongside (and is easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Oliver Ethan Richardson

In coming up with solutions to real-world problems, humans implicitly adhere to constraints that are too numerous and complex to be specified completely. However, reinforcement learning (RL) agents need these constraints to learn the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Guiliang Liu , Mohammed Elmahgiubi , Kasra Rezaee , Pascal Poupart

When humans judge the affective content of texts, they also implicitly assess the correctness of such judgment, that is, their confidence. We hypothesize that people's (in)confidence that they performed well in an annotation task leads to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Enrica Troiano , Sebastian Padó , Roman Klinger

Retriever-augmented instruction-following models are attractive alternatives to fine-tuned approaches for information-seeking tasks such as question answering (QA). By simply prepending retrieved documents in its input along with an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Vaibhav Adlakha , Parishad BehnamGhader , Xing Han Lu , Nicholas Meade , Siva Reddy

We study the source of uncertainty in DeepSeek R1-32B by analyzing its self-reported verbal confidence on question answering (QA) tasks. In the default answer-then-confidence setting, the model is regularly over-confident, whereas semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Jakub Podolak , Rajeev Verma

Humans must flexibly arbitrate between exploring alternatives and exploiting learned strategies, yet they frequently exhibit maladaptive persistence by continuing to execute failing strategies despite accumulating negative evidence. Here we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhipeng Zhang , Hongshun He

The development of effective autograders is key for scaling assessment and feedback. While NLP based autograding systems for open-ended response questions have been found to be beneficial for providing immediate feedback, autograders are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Joslyn Orgill , Andra Rice , Max Fowler , Seth Poulsen

In the last several years, the field of computer assisted language learning has increasingly focused on computer aided question generation. However, this approach often provides test takers with an exhaustive amount of questions that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-30 Yi-Ting Huang , Meng Chang Chen , Yeali S. Sun

Autograding short textual answers has become much more feasible due to the rise of NLP and the increased availability of question-answer pairs brought about by a shift to online education. Autograding performance is still inferior to human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Johannes Schneider , Robin Richner , Micha Riser

Knowledge probing quantifies how much relational knowledge a language model (LM) has acquired during pre-training. Existing knowledge probes evaluate model capabilities through metrics like prediction accuracy and precision. Such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Christopher Kissling , Elena Merdjanovska , Alan Akbik