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We study the stability with respect to a broad class of perturbations of gapped ground state phases of quantum spin systems defined by frustration-free Hamiltonians. The core result of this work is a proof using the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Bruno Nachtergaele , Robert Sims , Amanda Young

We prove stability of the spectral gap for gapped, frustration-free Hamiltonians under general, quasi-local perturbations. We present a necessary and sufficient condition for stability, which we call "Local Topological Quantum Order" and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-22 Spyridon Michalakis , Justyna Pytel

We investigate the persistence of spectral gaps of one-dimensional frustration free quantum lattice systems under weak perturbations and with open boundary conditions. Assuming the interactions of the system satisfy a form of local…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-09-18 Alvin Moon , Bruno Nachtergaele

A gapped ground state of a quantum spin system has a natural length scale set by the gap. This length scale governs the decay of correlations. A common intuition is that this length scale also controls the spatial relaxation towards the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-09-14 Sven Bachmann , Wojciech De Roeck , Brecht Donvil , Martin Fraas

We prove that generic quantum local Hamiltonians are gapless. In fact, we prove that there is a continuous density of states above the ground state. The Hamiltonian can be on a lattice in any spatial dimension or on a graph with a bounded…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-06 Ramis Movassagh

Based on a result by Yarotsky (J. Stat. Phys. 118, 2005), we prove that localized but otherwise arbitrary perturbations of weakly interacting quantum spin systems with uniformly gapped on-site terms change the ground state of such a system…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2022-03-04 Joscha Henheik , Stefan Teufel , Tom Wessel

We prove a volume-uniform effective-Hamiltonian theorem for bounded finite-range quantum spin systems on possibly infinite lattices. For any finite target region, we construct an energy-truncated Hamiltonian and prove a volume-uniform…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Ayumi Ukai

Providing system-size independent lower bounds on the spectral gap of local Hamiltonian is in general a hard problem. For the case of finite-range, frustration free Hamiltonians on a spin lattice of arbitrary dimension, we show that a…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-08-29 Michael J. Kastoryano , Angelo Lucia

In this letter, we fill a hole in the existing literature about disordered quantum spin systems generated by a random local interaction $\{\mathfrak{h}(Z)\}_{Z\Subset \mathbb{Z}^\nu}$ satisfying a statistical version of translation…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-03-23 Eric B. Roon , Jeffrey H. Schenker

The existence of a spectral gap above the ground state has far-reaching consequences for the low-energy physics of a quantum many-body system. A recent work of Movassagh [R. Movassagh, PRL 119 (2017), 220504] shows that a spatially random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Marius Lemm

Recent results have shown the stability of frustration-free Hamiltonians to weak local perturbations, assuming several conditions. In this paper, we prove the stability of free fermion Hamiltonians which are gapped and local. These free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-06-13 M. B. Hastings

The symmetry and the locality are the two major sources of various nontrivial statements in quantum many-body systems. We demonstrate that, in gapped phases of a U(1) symmetric Hamiltonian with finite-range interactions, the bulk properties…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-02-26 Haruki Watanabe

We prove that for any finite set of generalized valence bond solid (GVBS) states of a quantum spin chain there exists a translation invariant finite-range Hamiltonian for which this set is the set of ground states. This result implies that…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-25 Bruno Nachtergaele

Recent case-by-case studies revealed that the dispersion of low energy excitations in gapless frustration-free Hamiltonians is often quadratic or softer. In this work, we argue that this is actually a general property of such systems. By…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-12-12 Rintaro Masaoka , Tomohiro Soejima , Haruki Watanabe

It has recently been shown that small quantum subsystems generically equilibrate, in the sense that they spend most of the time close to a fixed equilibrium state. This relies on just two assumptions: that the state is spread over many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Anthony J. Short , Terence C. Farrelly

We discuss conditions for the absence of spontaneous breakdown of continuous symmetries in quantum lattice systems at $T=0$. Our analysis is based on Pitaevskii and Stringari's idea that the uncertainty relation can be employed to show…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 Tsutomu Momoi

We address the problem of stability of one-dimensional non-periodic ground-state configurations with respect to finite-range perturbations of interactions in classical lattice-gas models. We show that a relevant property of non-periodic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-30 Damian Głodkowski , Jacek Miȩkisz

We improve Knabe's spectral gap bound for frustration-free translation-invariant local Hamiltonians in 1D. The bound is based on a relationship between global and local gaps. The global gap is the spectral gap of a size-$m$ chain with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-12 David Gosset , Evgeny Mozgunov

In quantum many-body systems, the existence of a spectral gap above the ground state has far-reaching consequences. In this paper, we discuss "finite-size" criteria for having a spectral gap in frustration-free spin systems and their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Marius Lemm , Evgeny Mozgunov

Frustration-free Hamiltonians provide pivotal models for understanding quantum many-body systems. In this paper, we establish a general framework for frustration-free fermionic systems. First, we derive a necessary and sufficient condition…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-13 Rintaro Masaoka , Seishiro Ono , Hoi Chun Po , Haruki Watanabe
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