Related papers: Universal gauge-invariant cellular automata
Any representation of data involves arbitrary investigator choices. Because those choices are external to the data-generating process, each choice leads to an exact symmetry, corresponding to the group of transformations that takes one…
When a theory shall be described at all scales, it is necessary to start from its elementary degrees of freedom. Herein, one possible chain of steps for this purpose will be briefly outlined for the example of a gauge theory, like QCD.…
Considering the conformal scaling gauge symmetry as a fundamental symmetry of nature in the presence of gravity, a scalar field is required and used to describe the scale behavior of universe. In order for the scalar field to be a physical…
We provide an extended acount of the recent statistical mechanical theory of gauge invariance against operator shifting in quantum many-body systems (arXiv:2509.20494). The gauge transformation is enacted by a shifting superoperator that…
We provide algebraic criteria for the unitarity of linear quantum cellular automata, i.e. one dimensional quantum cellular automata. We derive these both by direct combinatorial arguments, and by adding constraints into the model which do…
An interesting question is to characterize the general class of allowed boundary conditions for gauge theories, including gravity, at spatial and null infinity. This has played a role in discussions of soft charges, where antipodal symmetry…
The Higgs mechanism gives mass to Yang-Mills gauge bosons. According to the conventional wisdom, this happens through the spontaneous breaking of gauge symmetry. Yet, gauge symmetries merely reflect a redundancy in the state description and…
Causal graph dynamics are transformations over graphs that capture two important symmetries of physics, namely causality and homogeneity. They can be equivalently defined as continuous and translation invariant transformations or functions…
Let $G$ be a group and $A$ a set. A cellular automaton (CA) $\tau$ over $A^G$ is von Neumann regular (vN-regular) if there exists a CA $\sigma$ over $A^G$ such that $\tau \sigma\tau = \tau$, and in such case, $\sigma$ is called a…
Spacetime inversion symmetries such as parity and time reversal play a central role in physics, but they are usually treated as global symmetries. In quantum gravity there are no global symmetries, so any spacetime inversion symmetries must…
A lattice theory of scalar bosons in the fundamental representation of the gauge group $SU(N_c)$ and of the global symmetry group $SU(N_f)$ is shown to induce a standard gauge theory only at large $N_f$. The system is in a deconfined phase…
Contrary to the conventional view point of quantization that breaks the gauge symmetry, a gauge invariant formulation of quantum electrodynamics is proposed. Instead of fixing the gauge, some frame is chosen to yield the locally invariant…
We show that quantum cellular automata naturally form the degree-zero part of a coarse homology theory. The recent result of Ji and Yang that the space of QCA forms an Omega-spectrum in the sense of algebraic topology is a direct…
We consider discrete and integer-valued cellular automata (CA). A particular class of which comprises "Hamiltonian CA" with equations of motion that bear similarities to Hamilton's equations, while they present discrete updating rules. The…
Motivated by the search for idempotent cellular automata (CA), we study CA that act almost as the identity unless they read a fixed pattern $p$. We show that constant and symmetrical patterns always produce idempotent CA, and we…
The construction of a gauge field theory for elementary particles usually starts by promoting global invariance of the matter action to a local one, this in turn implying the introduction of gauge fields. We present here a procedure that…
It is shown that space-time dependent gauge couplings do not completely break gauge invariance. We demonstrate this in various gauge theories.
This paper describes a new concept of cellular automaton (CA). XCA consists of a set of arcs (edges) that correspond to cells in CA. At a particular time, the arcs are connected to a directed graph. With each time step, the arcs exchange…
In condensed matter physics gauge symmetries other than the U(1) of electromagnetism are of an emergent nature. Two emergence mechanisms for gauge symmetry are well established: the way these arise in Kramers-Wannier type local-global…
Together with the concept of reversibility, another relevant physical notion is time-symmetry, which expresses that there is no way of distinguishing between backward and forward time directions. This notion, found in physical theories, has…