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Related papers: Explaining Neural Scaling Laws

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We present a functional form (that we refer to as a Unified Neural Scaling Law (UNSL)) that accurately models and extrapolates the scaling behaviors of deep neural networks as multiple dimensions all vary simultaneously (i.e. how the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Ethan Caballero , Priyank Jaini , David Krueger , Irina Rish

Scaling laws for large language models (LLMs) have provided useful guidance in training ever larger models for predictable performance gains. Time series forecasting shares a similar sequential structure to language, and is amenable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Thomas D. P. Edwards , James Alvey , Justin Alsing , Nam H. Nguyen , Benjamin D. Wandelt

In recent years, the expansion of neural network models and training data has driven remarkable progress in deep learning, particularly in computer vision and natural language processing. This advancement is underpinned by the concept of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Yi Ma , Hongyao Tang , Chenjun Xiao , Yaodong Yang , Wei Wei , Jianye Hao , Jiye Liang

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are typically optimized using various forms of mini-batch gradient descent algorithm. A major motivation for mini-batch gradient descent is that with a suitably chosen batch size, available computing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Oyebade K. Oyedotun , Konstantinos Papadopoulos , Djamila Aouada

The cross-entropy scaling law has long served as a key tool for guiding the development of large language models. It shows that cross-entropy loss decreases in a predictable power-law rate as the model size increases. However, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Junxi Yan , Zixi Wei , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu , Jingtao Zhan

Modern deep learning models employ considerably more parameters than required to fit the training data. Whereas conventional statistical wisdom suggests such models should drastically overfit, in practice these models generalize remarkably…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-18 Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington

`Double descent' delineates the generalization behaviour of models depending on the regime they belong to: under- or over-parameterized. The current theoretical understanding behind the occurrence of this phenomenon is primarily based on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-03-15 Sidak Pal Singh , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann , Bernhard Schölkopf

Scaling laws guide the development of large language models (LLMs) by offering estimates for the optimal balance of model size, tokens, and compute. More recently, loss-to-loss scaling laws that relate losses across pretraining datasets and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Prasanna Mayilvahanan , Thaddäus Wiedemer , Sayak Mallick , Matthias Bethge , Wieland Brendel

Deep neural networks exhibit a fascinating spectrum of phenomena ranging from predictable scaling laws to the unpredictable emergence of new capabilities as a function of training time, dataset size and network size. Analysis of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Shreyas Gokhale

Neural networks have been successfully used for classification tasks in a rapidly growing number of practical applications. Despite their popularity and widespread use, there are still many aspects of training and classification that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-03 Ewout van den Berg

There are many surprising and perhaps counter-intuitive properties of optimization of deep neural networks. We propose and experimentally verify a unified phenomenological model of the loss landscape that incorporates many of them. High…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Stanislav Fort , Stanislaw Jastrzebski

Scaling laws have emerged as a unifying lens for understanding and guiding the training of large language models (LLMs). However, existing studies predominantly focus on the final-step loss, leaving open whether the entire loss dynamics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Binghui Li , Fengling Chen , Zixun Huang , Lean Wang , Lei Wu

Neural scaling laws relate loss to model size in large language models (LLMs), yet depth and width may contribute to performance differently, requiring more detailed studies. Here, we quantify how depth affects loss via analysis of LLMs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yizhou Liu , Sara Kangaslahti , Ziming Liu , Jeff Gore

Deep ResNets are recognized for achieving state-of-the-art results in complex machine learning tasks. However, the remarkable performance of these architectures relies on a training procedure that needs to be carefully crafted to avoid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Pierre Marion , Adeline Fermanian , Gérard Biau , Jean-Philippe Vert

Neural scaling laws, which in some domains can predict the performance of large neural networks as a function of model, data, and compute scale, are the cornerstone of building foundation models in Natural Language Processing and Computer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Shashank Subramanian , Alexander Kiefer , Arnur Nigmetov , Amir Gholami , Dmitriy Morozov , Michael W. Mahoney

Many physical systems share the property of scale invariance. Most of them show ordinary power-law scaling, where quantities can be expressed as a leading power law times a scaling function which depends on scaling-invariant ratios of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Lionel Sittler , Haye Hinrichsen

Low-precision training is critical for optimizing the trade-off between model quality and training costs, necessitating the joint allocation of model size, dataset size, and numerical precision. While empirical scaling laws suggest that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-27 Dechen Zhang , Xuan Tang , Yingyu Liang , Difan Zou

We study the information-theoretic limits of learning a one-hidden-layer teacher network with hierarchical features from noisy queries, in the context of knowledge transfer to a smaller student model. We work in the high-dimensional regime…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-13 Minh-Toan Nguyen , Jean Barbier

Plasticity, the ability of a neural network to quickly change its predictions in response to new information, is essential for the adaptability and robustness of deep reinforcement learning systems. Deep neural networks are known to lose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Clare Lyle , Zeyu Zheng , Evgenii Nikishin , Bernardo Avila Pires , Razvan Pascanu , Will Dabney

Deep neural networks are highly expressive machine learning models with the ability to interpolate arbitrary datasets. Deep nets are typically optimized via first-order methods and the optimization process crucially depends on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-12 Talha Cihad Gulcu