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Uncovering the heterogeneity of causal effects of policies and business decisions at various levels of granularity provides substantial value to decision makers. This paper develops new estimation and inference procedures for multiple…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-07-08 Michael Lechner

Randomized controlled trials play an important role in how Internet companies predict the impact of policy decisions and product changes. In these `digital experiments', different units (people, devices, products) respond differently to the…

Applications · Statistics 2015-12-21 Matt Taddy , Matt Gardner , Liyun Chen , David Draper

Causal random forests provide efficient estimates of heterogeneous treatment effects. However, forest algorithms are also well-known for their black-box nature, and therefore, do not characterize how input variables are involved in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-08-08 Clément Bénard , Julie Josse

In this paper we study the problems of estimating heterogeneity in causal effects in experimental or observational studies and conducting inference about the magnitude of the differences in treatment effects across subsets of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-08 Susan Athey , Guido Imbens

In randomized controlled trials, forest plots are frequently used to investigate the homogeneity of treatment effect estimates in subgroups. However, the interpretation of subgroup-specific treatment effect estimates requires great care due…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-17 Marcel Wolbers , Mar Vázquez Rabuñal , Ke Li , Kaspar Rufibach , Daniel Sabanés Bové

Estimating heterogeneous treatment effects across individuals has attracted growing attention as a statistical tool for performing critical decision-making. We propose a Bayesian inference framework that quantifies the uncertainty in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-19 Shunsuke Horii , Yoichi Chikahara

Most estimates for penalised linear regression can be viewed as posterior modes for an appropriate choice of prior distribution. Bayesian shrinkage methods, particularly the horseshoe estimator, have recently attracted a great deal of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-06 Zemei Xu , Daniel F. Schmidt , Enes Makalic , Guoqi Qian , John L. Hopper

Unmeasured confounding presents a significant challenge in causal inference from observational studies. Classical approaches often rely on collecting proxy variables, such as instrumental variables. However, in applications where the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-16 Xiaochuan Shi , Dehan Kong , Linbo Wang

This paper introduces aggregate Bayesian Causal Forests (aBCF), a new Bayesian model for causal inference using aggregated data. Aggregated data are common in policy evaluations where we observe individuals such as students, but…

We propose a fully Bayesian approach for causal inference with multivariate categorical data based on staged tree models, a class of probabilistic graphical models capable of representing asymmetric and context-specific dependencies. To…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-06 Andrea Cremaschi , Manuele Leonelli , Gherardo Varando

Recursive decision trees are widely used to estimate heterogeneous causal treatment effects in experimental and observational studies. These methods are typically implemented using CART-type recursive partitioning and are often viewed as…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-19 Matias D. Cattaneo , Jason M. Klusowski , Ruiqi Rae Yu

A key challenge in estimating causal effects from observational data is handling confounding and is commonly achieved through weighting methods that balance distribution of covariates between treatment and control groups. Weighting…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-23 Simion De , Jared D. Huling

Flexible machine learning tools are increasingly used to estimate heterogeneous treatment effects. This paper gives an accessible tutorial demonstrating the use of the causal forest algorithm, available in the R package grf. We start with a…

Applications · Statistics 2024-12-17 Erik Sverdrup , Maria Petukhova , Stefan Wager

Individuals do not respond uniformly to treatments, events, or interventions. Sociologists routinely partition samples into subgroups to explore how the effects of treatments vary by covariates like race, gender, and socioeconomic status.…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2019-09-23 Jennie E. Brand , Jiahui Xu , Bernard Koch , Pablo Geraldo

We introduce a novel Bayesian approach for both covariate selection and sparse precision matrix estimation in the context of high-dimensional Gaussian graphical models involving multiple responses. Our approach provides a sparse estimation…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-25 Anwesha Chakravarti , Naveen N. Narishetty , Feng Liang

Substantial research on structured sparsity has contributed to analysis of many different applications. However, there have been few Bayesian procedures among this work. Here, we develop a Bayesian model for structured sparsity that uses a…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-07-09 Barbara E. Engelhardt , Ryan P. Adams

Additive nonparametric regression models provide an attractive tool for variable selection in high dimensions when the relationship between the response and predictors is complex. They offer greater flexibility compared to parametric…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-12 Garret Vo , Debdeep Pati

Bayesian Additive Regression Trees (BART) is a flexible machine learning algorithm capable of capturing nonlinearities between an outcome and covariates and interaction among covariates. We extend BART to a semiparametric regression…

Applications · Statistics 2018-06-13 Bret Zeldow , Vincent Lo Re , Jason Roy

Conjugate priors allow for fast inference in large dimensional vector autoregressive (VAR) models but, at the same time, introduce the restriction that each equation features the same set of explanatory variables. This paper proposes a…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-08-27 Niko Hauzenberger , Florian Huber , Luca Onorante

Uncovering the heterogeneity of causal effects of policies and business decisions at various levels of granularity provides substantial value to decision makers. This paper develops estimation and inference procedures for multiple treatment…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-09-09 Michael Lechner , Jana Mareckova