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Related papers: Jacobian Determinant of Normalizing Flows

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Existing machine learning methods for causal inference usually estimate quantities expressed via the mean of potential outcomes (e.g., average treatment effect). However, such quantities do not capture the full information about the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Valentyn Melnychuk , Dennis Frauen , Stefan Feuerriegel

Normalizing flow is a class of deep generative models for efficient sampling and likelihood estimation, which achieves attractive performance, particularly in high dimensions. The flow is often implemented using a sequence of invertible…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-19 Chen Xu , Xiuyuan Cheng , Yao Xie

Normalizing flows are an established approach for modelling complex probability densities through invertible transformations from a base distribution. However, the accuracy with which the target distribution can be captured by the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-02 Harry Bevins , Will Handley , Thomas Gessey-Jones

This study focuses on the novel application of a normalizing flow as a method of domain adaptation. Normalizing flows offer a way to transform data points between two different distributions. The present study investigates a method of…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-05-16 Rowan Kelleher , Anselm Vossen

Graphical flows add further structure to normalizing flows by encoding non-trivial variable dependencies. Previous graphical flow models have focused primarily on a single flow direction: the normalizing direction for density estimation, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Jacobie Mouton , Steve Kroon

Normalizing flows define a probability distribution by an explicit invertible transformation $\boldsymbol{\mathbf{z}}=f(\boldsymbol{\mathbf{x}})$. In this work, we present implicit normalizing flows (ImpFlows), which generalize normalizing…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-03-18 Cheng Lu , Jianfei Chen , Chongxuan Li , Qiuhao Wang , Jun Zhu

We propose a mathematical framework to explain implicit regularization from early stopping during the training of overparametrized neural networks. In the mean-field limit, the parameter distribution evolves according to a gradient flow on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Beatrice Acciaio , Jakob Heiss , Gudmund Pammer , Qinxin Yan

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are able to model complicated distributions p(y) with strong inter-dimensional correlations and high multimodality by transforming a simple base density p(z) through an invertible neural network under the change of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Christina Winkler , Daniel Worrall , Emiel Hoogeboom , Max Welling

This article provides a comprehensive understanding of optimization in deep learning, with a primary focus on the challenges of gradient vanishing and gradient exploding, which normally lead to diminished model representational ability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Xianbiao Qi , Jianan Wang , Lei Zhang

We develop interconnections between the complex normalizing flow for data drawn from Borel probability measures on the twofold realification of the complex manifold and a nonlinear flow nearly K\"ahler-Ricci. The complex normalizing flow…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Andrew Gracyk

Normalizing flows are deep generative models that enable efficient likelihood estimation and sampling through invertible transformations. A key challenge is to design linear layers that enhance expressiveness while maintaining efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Xuchen Feng , Siyu Liao

We present a novel theoretical framework for understanding the expressive power of normalizing flows. Despite their prevalence in scientific applications, a comprehensive understanding of flows remains elusive due to their restricted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Felix Draxler , Stefan Wahl , Christoph Schnörr , Ullrich Köthe

Normalizing flows model probability distributions by learning invertible transformations that transfer a simple distribution into complex distributions. Since the architecture of ResNet-based normalizing flows is more flexible than that of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Byeongkeun Ahn , Chiyoon Kim , Youngjoon Hong , Hyunwoo J. Kim

In this paper, training a neural network is identified, exactly, as a search through Hamilton--Jacobi initial-value problems: each gradient step selects the initial data of a viscous Hamilton--Jacobi equation whose Hopf--Cole propagator…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jose Marie Antonio Miñoza , Erika Fille T. Legara , Christopher P. Monterola

Traditional theories of optimization cannot describe the dynamics of optimization in deep learning, even in the simple setting of deterministic training. The challenge is that optimizers typically operate in a complex, oscillatory regime…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Jeremy M. Cohen , Alex Damian , Ameet Talwalkar , J. Zico Kolter , Jason D. Lee

Flow-based models are powerful tools for designing probabilistic models with tractable density. This paper introduces Convex Potential Flows (CP-Flow), a natural and efficient parameterization of invertible models inspired by the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Chin-Wei Huang , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Christos Tsirigotis , Aaron Courville

Distribution alignment has many applications in deep learning, including domain adaptation and unsupervised image-to-image translation. Most prior work on unsupervised distribution alignment relies either on minimizing simple non-parametric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Ben Usman , Avneesh Sud , Nick Dufour , Kate Saenko

Normalizing flows have been successfully modeling a complex probability distribution as an invertible transformation of a simple base distribution. However, there are often applications that require more than invertibility. For instance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Seongmin Hong , Se Young Chun

Normalizing flows, diffusion normalizing flows and variational autoencoders are powerful generative models. This chapter provides a unified framework to handle these approaches via Markov chains. We consider stochastic normalizing flows as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Paul Hagemann , Johannes Hertrich , Gabriele Steidl

Continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) learn the probability path between a reference distribution and a target distribution by modeling the vector field generating said path using neural networks. Recently, Lipman et al. (2022) introduced a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-10-29 Alberto Cabezas , Louis Sharrock , Christopher Nemeth