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Visual programs are executable code generated by large language models to address visual reasoning problems. They decompose complex questions into multiple reasoning steps and invoke specialized models for each step to solve the problems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Xueqing Wu , Zongyu Lin , Songyan Zhao , Te-Lin Wu , Pan Lu , Nanyun Peng , Kai-Wei Chang

The latest advancements in large language models (LLMs) have sparked interest in their potential for software vulnerability detection. However, there is currently a lack of research specifically focused on vulnerabilities in the PHP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Di Cao , Yong Liao , Xiuwei Shang

The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVEs) system is a reference method for documenting publicly known information security weaknesses and exposures. This paper presents a study of the lifetime of CVEs in software projects and the risk…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Piotr Przymus , Mikołaj Fejzer , Jakub Narębski , Krzysztof Stencel

AI code generation tools have expanded software creation beyond professional developers, giving rise to vibe coding, a practice in which users generate software via natural-language prompts, evaluate outputs primarily by execution. Prior…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ahmed Fawzy , Amjed Tahir , Kelly Blincoe

The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) is a popular method for evaluating the severity of vulnerabilities in vulnerability management. In the evaluation process, a numeric score between 0 and 10 is calculated, 10 being the most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Julia Wunder , Andreas Kurtz , Christian Eichenmüller , Freya Gassmann , Zinaida Benenson

Formal verification has recently been increasingly used to prove the correctness and security of many applications. It is attractive because it can prove the absence of errors with the same certainty as mathematicians proving theorems.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Carolina Carreira , João F. Ferreira , Alexandra Mendes , Nicolas Christin

Software Vulnerability (SV) severity assessment is a vital task for informing SV remediation and triage. Ranking of SV severity scores is often used to advise prioritization of patching efforts. However, severity assessment is a difficult…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Roland Croft , M. Ali Babar , Li Li

Testing deep learning (DL) systems requires extensive and diverse, yet valid, test inputs. While synthetic test input generation methods, such as metamorphic testing, are widely used for DL testing, they risk introducing invalid inputs that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Delaram Ghobari , Mohammad Hossein Amini , Dai Quoc Tran , Seunghee Park , Shiva Nejati , Mehrdad Sabetzadeh

Background. Test resources are usually limited and therefore it is often not possible to completely test an application before a release. To cope with the problem of scarce resources, development teams can apply defect prediction to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Rainer Niedermayr , Tobias Röhm , Stefan Wagner

The increasing complexity of software systems and the sophistication of cyber-attacks have underscored the need for reliable automated software vulnerability detection. Data-driven approaches using deep learning models show promise but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Amine Lbath , Massih-Reza Amini , Aurelien Delaitre , Vadim Okun

Background: Construct validity concerns the use of indicators to measure a concept that is not directly measurable. Aim: This study intends to identify, categorize, assess and quantify discussions of threats to construct validity in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Dag I. K. Sjøberg , Gunnar R. Bergersen

Many ML-based approaches have been proposed to automatically detect, localize, and repair software vulnerabilities. While ML-based methods are more effective than program analysis-based vulnerability analysis tools, few have been integrated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Michael Fu , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Trung Le , Yuki Kume , Van Nguyen , Dinh Phung , John Grundy

Each year, thousands of software vulnerabilities are discovered and reported to the public. Unpatched known vulnerabilities are a significant security risk. It is imperative that software vendors quickly provide patches once vulnerabilities…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-26 Benjamin L. Bullough , Anna K. Yanchenko , Christopher L. Smith , Joseph R. Zipkin

Large language models can generate runnable software artifacts, but their security remains difficult to evaluate end to end. This study examines that problem through a Detect--Repair--Verify (DRV) workflow, in which vulnerabilities are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Cheng Cheng

Continuous Integration (CI) testing is a popular software development technique that allows developers to easily check that their code can build successfully and pass tests across various system environments. In order to use a CI platform,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Mark Santolucito , Jialu Zhang , Ennan Zhai , Ruzica Piskac

Advancing our understanding of software vulnerabilities, automating their identification, the analysis of their impact, and ultimately their mitigation is necessary to enable the development of software that is more secure. While operating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Serena E. Ponta , Henrik Plate , Antonino Sabetta , Michele Bezzi , Cédric Dangremont

Implementing software security practices is a critical concern in modern software development. Industry practitioners, security tool providers, and researchers have provided standard security guidelines and sophisticated security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Enrique Larios-Vargas , Omar Elazhary , Soroush Yousefi , Derek Lowlind , Michael L. W. Vliek , Margaret-Anne Storey

According to a recent survey with more than 4000 software developers, less than half of developers can spot security holes. As a result, software products present a low-security quality expressed by vulnerabilities that can be exploited by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Tiago Espinha Gasiba , Ulrike Lechner , Maria Pinto-Albuquerque , Alae Zouitni

Vulnerability Discovery with attack Injection security threats are increasing for the server software, when software is developed, the software tested for the functionality. Due to unawareness of software vulnerabilities most of the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-02-12 G. Vijay Kumar , Ravikumar S. Raykundaliya , Dr. P. Naga Prasad

We propose a methodology for verifying security properties of network protocols at design level. It can be separated in two main parts: context and requirements analysis and informal verification; and formal representation and procedural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-10-29 Jesus Diaz , David Arroyo , Francisco B. Rodriguez