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In dynamic programming (DP) and reinforcement learning (RL), an agent learns to act optimally in terms of expected long-term return by sequentially interacting with its environment modeled by a Markov decision process (MDP). More generally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Mastane Achab , Gergely Neu

Machine Learning (ML) has been embraced as a powerful tool by the financial industry, with notable applications spreading in various domains including investment management. In this work, we propose a full-cycle data-driven investment…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-05-20 Haoran Wang , Shi Yu

This study proposes a portfolio optimization framework that integrates advanced deep learning architectures with traditional financial models to enhance risk-adjusted performance. Using historical data from 2015-2023 across equities, ETFs,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Samuel Ozechi , Banjo Francis , Wisdom Yakanu , Joe Wayne Byers

Algorithmic stock trading has become a staple in today's financial market, the majority of trades being now fully automated. Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agents proved to be to a force to be reckon with in many complex games like Chess…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Tidor-Vlad Pricope

The problem of portfolio management represents an important and challenging class of dynamic decision making problems, where rebalancing decisions need to be made over time with the consideration of many factors such as investors…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-09-29 Saeed Marzban , Erick Delage , Jonathan Yumeng Li , Jeremie Desgagne-Bouchard , Carl Dussault

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), a subset of machine learning focused on sequential decision-making, has emerged as a powerful approach for tackling financial trading problems. In finance, DRL is commonly used either to generate discrete…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Trang Thoi , Hung Tran , Tram Thoi , Huaiyang Zhong

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms can scale to previously intractable problems. The automation of profit generation in the stock market is possible using DRL, by combining the financial assets price "prediction" step and the…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-09-20 Taylan Kabbani , Ekrem Duman

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) agents are trained through trial-and-error interactions with the environment. This leads to a long training time for dense neural networks to achieve good performance. Hence, prohibitive computation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Ghada Sokar , Elena Mocanu , Decebal Constantin Mocanu , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Peter Stone

DRL agents circumvent the issue of classic models in the sense that they do not make assumptions like the financial returns being normally distributed and are able to deal with any information like the ESG score if they are configured to…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-12-23 M. Coronado-Vaca

More and more stock trading strategies are constructed using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithms, but DRL methods originally widely used in the gaming community are not directly adaptable to financial data with low signal-to-noise…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-07-27 Jie Zou , Jiashu Lou , Baohua Wang , Sixue Liu

With the development of deep learning, Dynamic Portfolio Optimization (DPO) problem has received a lot of attention in recent years, not only in the field of finance but also in the field of deep learning. Some advanced research in recent…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Runsheng Lin , Zihan Xing , Mingze Ma , Raymond S. T. Lee

Portfolio management (PM) is a fundamental financial planning task that aims to achieve investment goals such as maximal profits or minimal risks. Its decision process involves continuous derivation of valuable information from various data…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-02-17 Yunan Ye , Hengzhi Pei , Boxin Wang , Pin-Yu Chen , Yada Zhu , Jun Xiao , Bo Li

Generating asset-specific trading signals based on the financial conditions of the assets is one of the challenging problems in automated trading. Various asset trading rules are proposed experimentally based on different technical analysis…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Mehran Taghian , Ahmad Asadi , Reza Safabakhsh

Reinforcement learning (RL) techniques have shown great success in many challenging quantitative trading tasks, such as portfolio management and algorithmic trading. Especially, intraday trading is one of the most profitable and risky tasks…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2022-08-23 Shuo Sun , Wanqi Xue , Rundong Wang , Xu He , Junlei Zhu , Jian Li , Bo An

In many reinforcement learning applications, the underlying environment reward and transition functions are explicitly known differentiable functions. This enables us to use recent research which applies machine learning tools to stochastic…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-04-08 Thibault Jaisson

Reinforcement learning is a machine learning approach concerned with solving dynamic optimization problems in an almost model-free way by maximizing a reward function in state and action spaces. This property makes it an exciting area of…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-10-12 Miquel Noguer i Alonso , Sonam Srivastava

In recent years, many practitioners in quantitative finance have attempted to use Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) to build better quantitative trading (QT) strategies. Nevertheless, many existing studies fail to address several serious…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-06-14 Zitao Song , Xuyang Jin , Chenliang Li

While researchers in the asset management industry have mostly focused on techniques based on financial and risk planning techniques like Markowitz efficient frontier, minimum variance, maximum diversification or equal risk parity, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Eric Benhamou , David Saltiel , Sandrine Ungari , Abhishek Mukhopadhyay

Recent deep reinforcement learning (DRL) methods in finance show promising outcomes. However, there is limited research examining the behavior of these DRL algorithms. This paper aims to investigate their tendencies towards holding or…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2024-07-16 Alireza Mohammadshafie , Akram Mirzaeinia , Haseebullah Jumakhan , Amir Mirzaeinia

We study the dynamic portfolio selection of an investor who uses deep learning methods to forecast stock market excess returns. In a two-asset allocation problem, deep neural networks -- both feedforward and long short-term memory (LSTM)…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-02-16 Mykola Babiak , Jozef Barunik