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Underdamped Langevin Monte Carlo (ULMC) is an algorithm used to sample from unnormalized densities by leveraging the momentum of a particle moving in a potential well. We provide a novel analysis of ULMC, motivated by two central questions:…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-17 Matthew Zhang , Sinho Chewi , Mufan Bill Li , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Murat A. Erdogdu

The diffusion approximation of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) in current literature is only valid on a finite time interval. In this paper, we establish the uniform-in-time diffusion approximation of SGD, by only assuming that the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-12 Lei Li , Yuliang Wang

Generalization error bounds are essential for comprehending how well machine learning models work. In this work, we suggest a novel method, i.e., the Auxiliary Distribution Method, that leads to new upper bounds on expected generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Gholamali Aminian , Saeed Masiha , Laura Toni , Miguel R. D. Rodrigues

Applying standard Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms to large data sets is computationally infeasible. The recently proposed stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD) method circumvents this problem in three ways: it generates…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-09-22 Sebastian J. Vollmer , Konstantinos C. Zygalakis , and Yee Whye Teh

As an important Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method, stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics (SGLD) algorithm has achieved great success in Bayesian learning and posterior sampling. However, SGLD typically suffers from slow convergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Bao Wang , Difan Zou , Quanquan Gu , Stanley Osher

First-order stochastic methods for solving large-scale non-convex optimization problems are widely used in many big-data applications, e.g. training deep neural networks as well as other complex and potentially non-convex machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Matilde Gargiani , Andrea Zanelli , Quoc Tran-Dinh , Moritz Diehl , Frank Hutter

Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics (SGLD) has emerged as a key MCMC algorithm for Bayesian learning from large scale datasets. While SGLD with decreasing step sizes converges weakly to the posterior distribution, the algorithm is often…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-27 Nicolas Brosse , Alain Durmus , Eric Moulines

In machine learning, stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is widely deployed to train models using highly non-convex objectives with equally complex noise models. Unfortunately, SGD theory often makes restrictive assumptions that fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Vivak Patel , Shushu Zhang , Bowen Tian

In this paper, we use tools from rate-distortion theory to establish new upper bounds on the generalization error of statistical distributed learning algorithms. Specifically, there are $K$ clients whose individually chosen models are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-23 Milad Sefidgaran , Romain Chor , Abdellatif Zaidi

This article is concerned with sampling from Gibbs distributions $\pi(x)\propto e^{-U(x)}$ using Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. In particular, we investigate Langevin dynamics in the continuous- and the discrete-time setting for such…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Lorenz Fruehwirth , Andreas Habring

A general method is proposed which allows one to estimate drift and diffusion coefficients of a stochastic process governed by a Langevin equation. It extends a previously devised approach [R. Friedrich et al., Physics Letters A 271, 217…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-11-11 D. Kleinhans , R. Friedrich , A. Nawroth , J. Peinke

In this paper we present a novel approach towards variance reduction for discretised diffusion processes. The proposed approach involves specially constructed control variates and allows for a significant reduction in the variance for the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-12-05 Denis Belomestny , Stefan Häfner , Mikhail Urusov

We introduce a new method for analyzing midpoint discretizations of stochastic differential equations (SDEs), which are frequently used in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods for sampling from a target measure $\pi \propto \exp(-V)$.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Matthew S. Zhang

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable performance in generating high-dimensional samples across domains such as vision, language, and the sciences. Although continuous-state diffusion models have been extensively studied both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Aadithya Srikanth , Mudit Gaur , Vaneet Aggarwal

In this work, we consider the numerical solution of an initial boundary value problem for the distributed order time fractional diffusion equation. The model arises in the mathematical modeling of ultra-slow diffusion processes observed in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-04-08 Bangti Jin , Raytcho Lazarov , Dongwoo Sheen , Zhi Zhou

The randomized midpoint method, proposed by [SL19], has emerged as an optimal discretization procedure for simulating the continuous time Langevin diffusions. Focusing on the case of strong-convex and smooth potentials, in this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-14 Ye He , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Murat A. Erdogdu

A model has two main aims: predicting the behavior of a physical system and understanding its nature, that is how it works, at some desired level of abstraction. A promising recent approach to model building consists in deriving a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-02-26 Marco Baldovin , Andrea Puglisi , Angelo Vulpiani

We study the running time, in terms of first order oracle queries, of differentially private empirical/population risk minimization of Lipschitz convex losses. We first consider the setting where the loss is non-smooth and the optimizer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Michael Menart , Aleksandar Nikolov

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to proving the convergence of the Stochastic Approximation (SA) and the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithms. The new approach is based on a concept called GSLLN (Generalized Strong Law of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Rajeeva Laxman Karandikar , Bhamidi Visweswara Rao , Mathukumalli Vidyasagar

Langevin diffusions are rapidly convergent under appropriate functional inequality assumptions. Hence, it is natural to expect that with additional smoothness conditions to handle the discretization errors, their discretizations like the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-21 Alireza Mousavi-Hosseini , Tyler Farghly , Ye He , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Murat A. Erdogdu