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Related papers: Testing Framework for Black-box AI Models

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The transition from Cloud-Native to AI-Native architectures is fundamentally reshaping software engineering, replacing deterministic microservices with probabilistic agentic services. However, this shift renders traditional black-box…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Zirui Wang , Guangba Yu , Michael R. Lyu

Comprehensive and accurate evaluation of general-purpose AI systems such as large language models allows for effective mitigation of their risks and deepened understanding of their capabilities. Current evaluation methodology, mostly based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Xiting Wang , Liming Jiang , Jose Hernandez-Orallo , David Stillwell , Luning Sun , Fang Luo , Xing Xie

The increasing use of generative AI for resume screening is predicated on the assumption that it offers an unbiased alternative to biased human decision-making. However, this belief fails to address a critical question: are these AI systems…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Kevin T Webster

We consider the paradigm of a black box AI system that makes life-critical decisions. We propose an "arguing machines" framework that pairs the primary AI system with a secondary one that is independently trained to perform the same task.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Lex Fridman , Li Ding , Benedikt Jenik , Bryan Reimer

Artificial intelligence (AI) is poised to revolutionize military combat systems, but ensuring these AI-enabled capabilities are truly mission-ready presents new challenges. We argue that current technology readiness assessments fail to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 S. Tucker Browne , Mark M. Bailey

The rapid adoption of AI agents across domains has made systematic evaluation crucial for ensuring their usefulness and successful production deployment. Evaluation of AI agents typically involves using a fixed set of benchmarks and…

In the ever-expanding landscape of Artificial Intelligence (AI), where innovation thrives and new products and services are continuously being delivered, ensuring that AI systems are designed and developed responsibly throughout their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Maria Teresa Baldassarre , Domenico Gigante , Marcos Kalinowski , Azzurra Ragone

The number and importance of AI-based systems in all domains is growing. With the pervasive use and the dependence on AI-based systems, the quality of these systems becomes essential for their practical usage. However, quality assurance for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Michael Felderer , Rudolf Ramler

Context: Artificial intelligence (AI) has made its way into everyday activities, particularly through new techniques such as machine learning (ML). These techniques are implementable with little domain knowledge. This, combined with the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Lalli Myllyaho , Mikko Raatikainen , Tomi Männistö , Tommi Mikkonen , Jukka K. Nurminen

Artificial intelligence, particularly through recent advancements in deep learning, has achieved exceptional performances in many tasks in fields such as natural language processing and computer vision. In addition to desirable evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Sean Xie , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

AI solutions seem to appear in any and all application domains. As AI becomes more pervasive, the importance of quality assurance increases. Unfortunately, there is no consensus on what artificial intelligence means and interpretations…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Markus Borg

There is an increasing adoption of artificial intelligence in safety-critical applications, yet practical schemes for certifying that AI systems are safe, lawful and socially acceptable remain scarce. This white paper presents the T\"UV…

The potential risk of AI systems unintentionally embedding and reproducing bias has attracted the attention of machine learning practitioners and society at large. As policy makers are willing to set the standards of algorithms and AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Boris Ruf , Chaouki Boutharouite , Marcin Detyniecki

The global testing problem studied in this paper is to seek a definite answer to whether a system of concurrent black-boxes has an observable behavior in a given finite (but could be huge) set "Bad". We introduce a novel approach to solve…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gaoyan Xie , Zhe Dang

Developing and certifying safe - or so-called trustworthy - AI has become an increasingly salient issue, especially in light of upcoming regulation such as the EU AI Act. In this context, the black-box nature of machine learning models…

In this paper, we present the Scrapbook framework, a novel methodology designed to generate extensive datasets for probing the learned concepts of artificial intelligence (AI) models. The framework focuses on fundamental concepts such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 George Corrêa de Araújo , Helena de Almeida Maia , Helio Pedrini

We introduce a framework for calibrating machine learning models so that their predictions satisfy explicit, finite-sample statistical guarantees. Our calibration algorithms work with any underlying model and (unknown) data-generating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Anastasios N. Angelopoulos , Stephen Bates , Emmanuel J. Candès , Michael I. Jordan , Lihua Lei

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has come to prominence as one of the major components of our society, with applications in most aspects of our lives. In this field, complex and highly nonlinear machine learning models such as ensemble models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-29 Mattia Setzu , Riccardo Guidotti , Anna Monreale , Franco Turini , Dino Pedreschi , Fosca Giannotti

Academic literature on machine learning modeling fails to address how to make machine learning models work for enterprises. For example, existing machine learning processes cannot address how to define business use cases for an AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Rama Akkiraju , Vibha Sinha , Anbang Xu , Jalal Mahmud , Pritam Gundecha , Zhe Liu , Xiaotong Liu , John Schumacher