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This article presents a review of the current state of the art in the research field of cold and ultracold molecules. It serves as an introduction to the Special Issue of the New Journal of Physics on Cold and Ultracold Molecules and…
The influence of different chemical potential for different flavors on color superconductivity is analyzed. It is found that there is a first order transition as the asymmetry grows. This transition proceeds through the formation of bubbles…
Cooling atoms to ultralow temperatures has produced a wealth of opportunities in fundamental physics, precision metrology, and quantum science. The more recent application of sophisticated cooling techniques to molecules, which has been…
A new type of artificial molecule is proposed, which consists of coupled defect atoms in photonic crystals, named as photonic molecule. Within the major band gap, the photonic molecule confines the resonant modes that are closely analogous…
We review theoretical ideas, problems and implications of neutrino masses and mixing angles. We give a general discussion of schemes with three light neutrinos. Several specific examples are analyzed in some detail, particularly those that…
One of the molecular properties most intuitive to the human perception is the geometrical shape. However, when exploring a large chemical space the determination of shape needs to be automated. We present a fast and simple approach to…
Two particles that are entangled with respect to continuous variables such as position and momentum exhibit a variety of nonclassical features. First, measurement of one particle projects the other particle into the state that is the…
Simultaneous decompositions of a pair of states into pure ones are examined. There are privileged decompositions which are distinguished from all the other ones.
We show in simulations that a rich variety of novel orderings such as pinwheel and star states can be realized for colloidal molecular crystal mixtures at rational ratios of the number of colloids to the number of minima from an underlying…
The melting of a binary system of charged particles confined in a {\it quasi}-one-dimensional parabolic channel is studied through Monte Carlo simulations. At zero temperature the particles are ordered in parallel chains. The melting is…
Inside every living cell is the cytoplasm: a fluid mixture of thousands of different macromolecules, predominantly proteins. This mixture is where most of the biochemistry occurs that enables living cells to function, and it is perhaps the…
This article reviews from one point of view the current status of the manifestations of isotope effect in a nuclear, atomic and molecular as well as solid state physics. Although these manifestations vary, they have one common feature -…
We show how to generalize the concepts of identifying and classifying symmetry protected topological phases in 1D to the case of an arbitrary mixed state. The pure state concepts are reviewed using a concrete spin-1 model. For the mixed…
The properties of finite lumps of strange quark matter (strangelets) with emphasis on the two scenarios of producing strange matter in relativistic heavy ion collisions are summarized. As an outlook, the possibility of short-lived strange…
We present a kinetic model of crystal growth of polymers of finite molecular weight. Experiments help to classify polymer crystallization broadly into two kinetic regimes. One is observed in melts or in high molar mass polymer solutions and…
In the modified Bonn quark model in which quark-pairing and particle-hole interactions are included, color-singlet states are examined in addition to the color-neutral quark-triplet state by a method of boson realization. The region which…
All mixed states of two qubits can be brought into normal form by the action of SLOCC operations of the kind $\rho'=(A\otimes B)\rho(A\otimes B)^\dagger$. These normal forms can be obtained by considering a Lorentz singular value…
Within the framework of Relativistic Schroedinger Theory (an alternative form of quantum mechanics for relativistic many-particle systems) it is shown that a general N-particle system must occur in one of two forms: either as a ``positive''…
Explicit simulations of fluid mixtures of highly size-dispersed particles are constrained by numerical challenges associated with identifying pair-interaction neighbors. Recent algorithmic developments have ameliorated these difficulties to…
Making measurements on single quantum systems is considered difficult, almost impossible if the state is a-priori unknown. Protective measurements suggest a possibility to measure single quantum systems and gain some new information in the…