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Related papers: Influence of microstructure and atomic-scale chemi…

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When H, the lightest, smallest and most abundant atom in the universe, makes its way into a high-strength alloy (>650 MPa), the material's load-bearing capacity is abruptly lost. This phenomenon, known as H embrittlement, was responsible…

Co-reduction of multicomponent oxides with hydrogen provides a carbon-neutral approach toward sustainable alloy design. Herein, we investigate the hydrogen-based direct reduction, using in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction of two precursor…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-09 Shiv Shankar , Barak Ratzker , Claudio Pistidda , Dierk Raabe , Yan Ma

Nanocarbons are an important class of energy materials and one relevant application is for the nitrogen reduction reaction, i.e., the direct synthesis of NH3 from N2 and H2O via photo- and electrocatalytic approaches. Ammonia is also a…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-05-12 Gabriele Centi , Siglinda Perathoner

To address the lack of energy-carbon efficiency evaluation and the underutilization of low-temperature waste heat in traditional direct reduction iron (DRI) production, this paper proposes a novel zero-carbon hydrogen metallurgy system that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-28 Qiang Ji , Lin Cheng , Zeng Liang , Yingrui Zhuang , Fashun Shi , Jianliang Zhang , Kejiang Li

Green hydrogen is likely to play a major role in decarbonising the aviation industry. It is crucial to understand the effects of microstructure on hydrogen redistribution, which may be implicated in the embrittlement of candidate fuel…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-10-28 Daniel J Long , Edmund Tarleton , Alan CF Cocks , Felix Hofmann

Nanophase metallic iron ( $\mathrm{npFe}^0$ ) is a key indicator of space weathering on the lunar surface, primarily attributed to solar wind irradiation and micrometeoroid impacts. Recent discoveries of hematite ( $\mathrm{Fe}_2…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-03 Ziyu Huang , Masatoshi Hirabayashi , Thomas M. Orlando

Iron disproportionation reactions in mantle silicates can produce metallic iron that drives Earth's deep mantle toward metal saturation under reduced conditions. Subducting slabs transport hydrated silicates to these depths, where…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-05-13 Junjie Dong , Lars P Stixrude , Paul D Asimow , Jie Li

Anthropogenic activities have led to a substantial increase in carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas (GHG), contributing to heightened concerns of global warming. In the last decade alone CO2 emissions increased by 2.0 ppm/yr. globally. In…

Geophysics · Physics 2015-12-17 Muneer Mohammad , Mehrdad Ehsani

The hydrogen-based route could be a valuable way to produce steel considering its low carbon dioxide emissions. In ULCOS, it is regarded as a long-term option, largely dependent on the emergence of a hydrogen economy. To anticipate its…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-26 Andrea Ranzani Da Costa , D. Wagner , F. Patisson , D. Ablitzer

Metal-support interactions are frequently invoked to explain the enhanced catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles dispersed over reducible metal-oxide supports, yet the atomic scale mechanisms are rarely known. Here, we use scanning…

Greenhouse gas emissions from the steel, fertiliser and plastic industries can be mitigated by producing their precursors with green hydrogen. In Germany, green production may be economically unviable due to high energy costs. This study…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-10-02 Toni Seibold , Fabian Neumann , Falko Ueckerdt , Tom Brown

Hydrogen, while a promising sustainable energy carrier, presents challenges such as the embrittlement of materials due to its ability to penetrate and weaken their crystal structures. Here we investigate Fe4N nitride layers, formed on iron…

Observing solute hydrogen (H) in matter is a formidable challenge, yet, enabling quantitative imaging of H at the atomic-scale is critical to understand its deleterious influence on the mechanical strength of many metallic alloys that has…

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction technology is key to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and the energy crisis. However, controlling the selectivity of CO2RR products at low overpotential remains a challenge. In this paper, we predicted five…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-03-05 Ran Wang , Chaozheng He , Weixing Chen , Qingquan Kong , Thomas Frauenheimac

A first-order analysis concludes it is feasible to store the carbon needed to meet the Paris targets in structural materials and use less energy and at a lower cost than our use of extractive materials, steel, aluminum, and concrete.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-01-07 Peter Eisenberger

We propose a mechanism for the oxidation of gaseous CO into CO2 occurring on the surface mineral hematite (Fe2O3(s)) in hot, CO2-rich planetary atmospheres, such as Venus. This mechanism is likely to constitute an important source of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 John Lee Grenfell , Joachim W. Stock , A. Beate C. Patzer , Stefanie Gebauer , Heike Rauer

Steel is a key structural material because of its considerable strength and ductility. However, when exposed to hydrogen, it is prone to embrittlement. Mechanistic understanding of the origin of hydrogen embrittlement is hampered by the…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-16 Aleksei Egorov , Lei Zhang , Erik van der Giessen , Francesco Maresca

In the last decade there has been a breakthrough in the construction of theories leading to models for the simulation of atomic scale processes in steel. In this paper the theory is described and developed and used to demonstrate…

Materials Science · Physics 2014-02-18 Anthony T Paxton

Solvents comprise two thirds of all industrial emissions. Traditional organic solvents easily reach the atmosphere as they have high vapor pressure and are linked to a host of negative environmental effects including climate change, urban…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-01-01 Amirhossein Mehrkesh

The influence of microstructure on thermoelectricity is increasingly recognized. Approaches for microstructural engineering can hence be exploited to enhance thermoelectric performance, particularly through manipulating crystalline defects,…