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Past attacks against industrial control systems (ICS) show that adversaries often target both the ICS network and the physical process to achieve potential catastrophic impact. To secure ICS, intrusion detection systems promise timely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Stefan Lenz , Julia Raab , Benedikt Holzbach , Deniz Köller , Sotiris Michaelides , Martin Henze

IDS aims to protect computer networks from security threats by detecting, notifying, and taking appropriate action to prevent illegal access and protect confidential information. As the globe becomes increasingly dependent on technology and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Sudhanshu Sekhar Tripathy , Bichitrananda Behera

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) monitor system logs and network traffic to recognize malicious activities in computer networks. Evaluating and comparing IDSs with respect to their detection accuracies is thereby essential for their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Max Landauer , Florian Skopik , Maximilian Frank , Wolfgang Hotwagner , Markus Wurzenberger , Andreas Rauber

Closed-loop control systems employ continuous sensing and actuation to maintain controlled variables within preset bounds and achieve the desired system output. Intentional disturbances in the system, such as in the case of cyberattacks,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-21 Vuk Lesi , Marcio Juliato , Shabbir Ahmed , Christopher Gutierrez , Qian Wang , Manoj Sastry

Traditional intrusion detection systems (IDSs) often rely on either network traffic or process data, but this single-source approach may miss complex attack patterns that span multiple layers within industrial control systems (ICSs) or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Vegard Berge , Chunlei Li

This survey focuses on intrusion detection systems (IDS) that leverage host-based data sources for detecting attacks on enterprise network. The host-based IDS (HIDS) literature is organized by the input data source, presenting targeted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Tarrah R. Glass-Vanderlan , Michael D. Iannacone , Maria S. Vincent , Qian , Chen , Robert A. Bridges

In critical infrastructures, communication networks are used to exchange vital data among elements of Industrial Control Systems (ICSes). Due to the criticality of such systems and the increase of the cybersecurity risks in these contexts,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Roberto di Lallo , Federico Griscioli , Gabriele Lospoto , Habib Mostafaei , Maurizio Pizzonia , Massimo Rimondini

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are used worldwide in critical infrastructures. An ICS system can be a single embedded system working stand-alone for controlling a simple process or ICS can also be a very complex Distributed Control System…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Pieter Van Vliet , M-T. Kechadi , Nhien-An Le-Khac

The prevalence of cyberattacks on Industrial Control Systems (ICS) has highlighted the necessity for robust security measures and incident response to protect critical infrastructure. This is prominent when Operational Technology (OT)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Anis Yusof , Yuancheng Liu , Niklaus Kang , Choon Meng Seah , Zhenkai Liang , Ee-Chien Chang

Cyberattacks on industrial control systems (ICS) have been drawing attention in academia. However, this has not raised adequate concerns among some industrial practitioners. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the vulnerable locations…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 He Wen

Industrial control systems (ICS), which in many cases are components of critical national infrastructure, are increasingly being connected to other networks and the wider internet motivated by factors such as enhanced operational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Cheng Feng , Tingting Li , Zhanxing Zhu , Deeph Chana

Industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPSs) manage critical infrastructures by controlling the processes based on the "physics" data gathered by edge sensor networks. Recent innovations in ubiquitous computing and communication technologies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Hakan Kayan , Matthew Nunes , Omer Rana , Pete Burnap , Charith Perera

The integration of communication networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) in Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) increases their vulnerability towards cyber-attacks, causing devastating outcomes. Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-05 Abdulrahman Al-Abassi , Hadis Karimipour , Ali Dehghantanha , Reza M. Parizi

Today by growing network systems, security is a key feature of each network infrastructure. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) provide defense model for all security threats which are harmful to any network. The IDS could detect and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-03-06 Mehdi Bahrami , Mohammad Bahrami

In an Industrial Control System (ICS), its complex network of sensors, actuators and controllers have raised security concerns for critical infrastructures and industrial production units. This opinion paper strives to initiate discussion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-04 Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed , Jay Prakash , Jianying Zhou

Key components of current cybersecurity methods are the Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) were different techniques and architectures are applied to detect intrusions. IDSs can be based either on cross-checking monitored events with a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Pietro Spadaccino , Francesca Cuomo

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have long been a hot topic in the cybersecurity community. In recent years, with the introduction of deep learning (DL) techniques, IDS have made great progress due to their increasing generalizability. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhiwei Xu , Yujuan Wu , Shiheng Wang , Jiabao Gao , Tian Qiu , Ziqi Wang , Hai Wan , Xibin Zhao

Data collection and processing in advanced health monitoring systems are experiencing revolutionary change. In-Sensor Computing (ISC) systems emerge as a promising alternative to save energy on massive data transmission, analog-to-digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Mashrafi Kajol , Qiaoyan Yu

Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are essential for protecting computer systems and networks against a wide range of cyber threats that continue to evolve over time. IDS are commonly categorized into two main types, each with its own…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Messaouda Boutassetta , Amina Makhlouf , Newfel Messaoudi , Abdelmadjid Benmachiche , Ines Boutabia

Maintenance staff of Industrial Control Systems (ICS) is generally not aware about information technologies, and even less about cyber security problems. The scary impact of cyber attacks in the industrial world calls for tools to train…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Vincenzo Giuliano , Valerio Formicola