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Related papers: On the Regularity of Attention

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Explainability models are now prevalent within machine learning to address the black-box nature of neural networks. The question now is which explainability model is most effective. Probabilistic Lipschitzness has demonstrated that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Lachlan Simpson , Kyle Millar , Adriel Cheng , Cheng-Chew Lim , Hong Gunn Chew

We initiate a program of average smoothness analysis for efficiently learning real-valued functions on metric spaces. Rather than using the Lipschitz constant as the regularizer, we define a local slope at each point and gauge the function…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-10 Yair Ashlagi , Lee-Ad Gottlieb , Aryeh Kontorovich

Inspired by the adaptation phenomenon of neuronal firing, we propose the regularity normalization (RN) as an unsupervised attention mechanism (UAM) which computes the statistical regularity in the implicit space of neural networks under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Baihan Lin

Due to their susceptibility to adversarial perturbations, neural networks (NNs) are hardly used in safety-critical applications. One measure of robustness to such perturbations in the input is the Lipschitz constant of the input-output map…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Patricia Pauli , Anne Koch , Julian Berberich , Paul Kohler , Frank Allgöwer

In binary classification and regression problems, it is well understood that Lipschitz continuity and smoothness of the loss function play key roles in governing generalization error bounds for empirical risk minimization algorithms. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-14 Ambuj Tewari , Sougata Chaudhuri

The Lipschitz constant of the map between the input and output space represented by a neural network is a natural metric for assessing the robustness of the model. We present a new method to constrain the Lipschitz constant of dense deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Ouail Kitouni , Niklas Nolte , Mike Williams

Going from pure Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) to a learnable graph message-passing mechanism at each layer has been foundational to state-of-the-art results, despite the computational trade-off (e.g. GATs or Transformers). To go a step…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Alexandre Dussolle , Pietro Liò

A crucial property for achieving secure, trustworthy and interpretable deep learning systems is their robustness: small changes to a system's inputs should not result in large changes to its outputs. Mathematically, this means one strives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Bernd Prach , Christoph H. Lampert

Attention Model has now become an important concept in neural networks that has been researched within diverse application domains. This survey provides a structured and comprehensive overview of the developments in modeling attention. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Sneha Chaudhari , Varun Mithal , Gungor Polatkan , Rohan Ramanath

We consider deep neural networks with a Lipschitz continuous activation function and with weight matrices of variable widths. We establish a uniform convergence analysis framework in which sufficient conditions on weight matrices and bias…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Yuesheng Xu , Haizhang Zhang

We establish the universal approximation capability of single-layer, single-head self- and cross-attention mechanisms with minimal attached structures. Our key insight is to interpret single-head attention as an input domain-partition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Hude Liu , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Zhao Song , Han Liu

The Lipschitz constant plays a crucial role in certifying the robustness of neural networks to input perturbations. Since calculating the exact Lipschitz constant is NP-hard, efforts have been made to obtain tight upper bounds on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yuezhu Xu , S. Sivaranjani

Knowledge distillation is an attractive approach for learning compact deep neural networks, which learns a lightweight student model by distilling knowledge from a complex teacher model. Attention-based knowledge distillation is a specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Cuong Pham , Van-Anh Nguyen , Trung Le , Dinh Phung , Gustavo Carneiro , Thanh-Toan Do

Deep Networks have been shown to provide state-of-the-art performance in many machine learning challenges. Unfortunately, they are susceptible to various types of noise, including adversarial attacks and corrupted inputs. In this work we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-12 Carlos Lassance , Vincent Gripon , Jian Tang , Antonio Ortega

The Lipschitz constant is a key measure for certifying the robustness of neural networks to input perturbations. However, computing the exact constant is NP-hard, and standard approaches to estimate the Lipschitz constant involve solving a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yuezhu Xu , S. Sivaranjani

First derived from human intuition, later adapted to machine translation for automatic token alignment, attention mechanism, a simple method that can be used for encoding sequence data based on the importance score each element is assigned,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-15 Dichao Hu

Principled decision-making in continuous state--action spaces is impossible without some assumptions. A common approach is to assume Lipschitz continuity of the Q-function. We show that, unfortunately, this property fails to hold in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Omer Gottesman , Kavosh Asadi , Cameron Allen , Sam Lobel , George Konidaris , Michael Littman

Attention is an important mechanism that can be employed for a variety of deep learning models across many different domains and tasks. This survey provides an overview of the most important attention mechanisms proposed in the literature.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Gianni Brauwers , Flavius Frasincar

Attention mechanism is contributing to the majority of recent advances in machine learning for natural language processing. Additionally, it results in an attention map that shows the proportional influence of each input in its decision.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Duc Hau Nguyen , Cyrielle Mallart , Guillaume Gravier , Pascale Sébillot

Attention is an increasingly popular mechanism used in a wide range of neural architectures. The mechanism itself has been realized in a variety of formats. However, because of the fast-paced advances in this domain, a systematic overview…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Andrea Galassi , Marco Lippi , Paolo Torroni