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Cyber threat and attack intelligence information are available in non-standard format from heterogeneous sources. Comprehending them and utilizing them for threat intelligence extraction requires engaging security experts. Knowledge graphs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Sharmishtha Dutta , Nidhi Rastogi , Destin Yee , Chuqiao Gu , Qicheng Ma

The objectives of cyberattacks are becoming sophisticated, and attackers are concealing their identity by masquerading as other attackers. Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is gaining attention as a way to collect meaningful knowledge to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Daegeon Kim , Huy Kang Kim

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is information describing threat vectors, vulnerabilities, and attacks and is often used as training data for AI-based cyber defense systems such as Cybersecurity Knowledge Graphs (CKG). There is a strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Casey Hanks , Michael Maiden , Priyanka Ranade , Tim Finin , Anupam Joshi

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) is the knowledge of cyber and physical threats that help mitigate potential cyber attacks. The rapid evolution of the current threat landscape has seen many organisations share CTI to strengthen their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Kealan Dunnett , Shantanu Pal , Guntur Dharma Putra , Zahra Jadidi , Raja Jurdak

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sharing is an important activity to reduce information asymmetries between attackers and defenders. However, this activity presents challenges due to the tension between data sharing and confidentiality, that…

Due to the variety of cyber-attacks or threats, the cybersecurity community enhances the traditional security control mechanisms to an advanced level so that automated tools can encounter potential security threats. Very recently, Cyber…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Md Imran Hossen , Ashraful Islam , Farzana Anowar , Eshtiak Ahmed , Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Xiali , Hei

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is essential for effective system defense. CTI is a collection of information about current or past threats to a computer system. This information is gathered by an agent through observation, or based on a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Laurent Bobelin , Sabine Frittella , Mariam Wehbe

Developing intelligent, interoperable Cyber Threat Information (CTI) sharing technologies can help build strong defences against modern cyber threats. CTIs allow the community to share information about cybercriminals' threats and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Alexandros Papanikolaou , Aggelos Alevizopoulos , Christos Ilioudis , Konstantinos Demertzis , Konstantinos Rantos

To remain aware of the fast-evolving cyber threat landscape, open-source Cyber Threat Intelligence (OSCTI) has received growing attention from the community. Commonly, knowledge about threats is presented in a vast number of OSCTI reports.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Peng Gao , Xiaoyuan Liu , Edward Choi , Bhavna Soman , Chinmaya Mishra , Kate Farris , Dawn Song

Textual descriptions in cyber threat intelligence (CTI) reports, such as security articles and news, are rich sources of knowledge about cyber threats, crucial for organizations to stay informed about the rapidly evolving threat landscape.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yutong Cheng , Osama Bajaber , Saimon Amanuel Tsegai , Dawn Song , Peng Gao

With the proliferation of digitization and its usage in critical sectors, it is necessary to include information about the occurrence and assessment of cyber threats in an organization's threat mitigation strategy. This Cyber Threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Alfonso Iacovazzi , Han Wang , Ismail Butun , Shahid Raza

Open-source cyber threat intelligence (OSCTI) has become essential for keeping up with the rapidly changing threat landscape. However, current OSCTI gathering and management solutions mainly focus on structured Indicators of Compromise…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Peng Gao , Xiaoyuan Liu , Edward Choi , Sibo Ma , Xinyu Yang , Dawn Song

The rise of IT-dependent operations in modern organizations has heightened their vulnerability to cyberattacks. As a growing number of organizations include smart, interconnected devices in their systems to automate their processes, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Dincy R. Arikkat , Mert Cihangiroglu , Mauro Conti , Rafidha Rehiman K. A. , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P

Cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is practical real-world information that is collected with the purpose of assessing threats in cyber-physical systems (CPS). A practical notation for sharing CTI is STIX. STIX offers facilities to create,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Ricardo M. Czekster , Roberto Metere , Charles Morisset

Keeping up with threat intelligence is a must for a security analyst today. There is a volume of information present in `the wild' that affects an organization. We need to develop an artificial intelligence system that scours the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Sudip Mittal , Anupam Joshi , Tim Finin

Cyber-defense systems are being developed to automatically ingest Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) that contains semi-structured data and/or text to populate knowledge graphs. A potential risk is that fake CTI can be generated and spread…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Priyanka Ranade , Aritran Piplai , Sudip Mittal , Anupam Joshi , Tim Finin

Public and commercial organizations extensively share cyberthreat intelligence (CTI) to prepare systems to defend against existing and emerging cyberattacks. However, traditional CTI has primarily focused on tracking known threat indicators…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Md Tanvirul Alam , Dipkamal Bhusal , Youngja Park , Nidhi Rastogi

Cyber threats are constantly evolving. Extracting actionable insights from unstructured Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) data is essential to guide cybersecurity decisions. Increasingly, organizations like Microsoft, Trend Micro, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Romy Fieblinger , Md Tanvirul Alam , Nidhi Rastogi

Information on cyber-related crimes, incidents, and conflicts is abundantly available in numerous open online sources. However, processing the large volumes and streams of data is a challenging task for the analysts and experts, and entails…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Tuomas Takko , Kunal Bhattacharya , Martti Lehto , Pertti Jalasvirta , Aapo Cederberg , Kimmo Kaski

Cybersecurity Knowledge Graphs (CKGs) unify diverse Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sources into structured, queryable formats, offering scalable solutions for automating proactive and real-time security responses. Their increasing adoption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Inoussa Mouiche , sherif Saad
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