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We present a new technique that explains the output of a CNN-based model using a combination of GradCAM and LRP methods. Both of these methods produce visual explanations by highlighting input regions that are important for predictions. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Vaibhav Dhore , Achintya Bhat , Viraj Nerlekar , Kashyap Chavhan , Aniket Umare

We present Connection-Aware Motif Sequencing (CamS), a graph-to-sequence representation that enables decoder-only Transformers to learn molecular graphs via standard next-token prediction (NTP). For molecular property prediction,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zhuoyang Jiang , Yaosen Min , Peiran Jin , Lei Chen

Image retrieval in realistic scenarios targets large dynamic datasets of unlabeled images. In these cases, training or fine-tuning a model every time new images are added to the database is neither efficient nor scalable. Convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Albert Jimenez , Jose M. Alvarez , Xavier Giro-i-Nieto

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are broadly empowering various fields. Despite their advancements, the explainability of MLLMs remains less explored, hindering deeper understanding, model credibility, and effective visualization.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yi Li , Hualiang Wang , Xinpeng Ding , Haonan Wang , Xiaomeng Li

Contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) is a powerful vision-language model that has shown great benefits for various tasks. However, we have identified some issues with its explainability, which undermine its credibility and limit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yi Li , Hualiang Wang , Yiqun Duan , Jiheng Zhang , Xiaomeng Li

Visual interpretability of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has gained significant popularity because of the great challenges that CNN complexity imposes to understanding their inner workings. Although many techniques have been proposed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Alexandros Stergiou

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been widely applied. But as the CNNs grow, the number of arithmetic operations and memory footprint also increase. Furthermore, typical non-linear activation functions do not allow associativity of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-10 Eduardo Vera Sousa , Leandro A. F. Fernandes , Cristina Nader Vasconcelos

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) compute and communicate with asynchronous binary temporal events that can lead to significant energy savings with neuromorphic hardware. Recent algorithmic efforts on training SNNs have shown competitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-18 Youngeun Kim , Priyadarshini Panda

A particular class of Explainable AI (XAI) methods provide saliency maps to highlight part of the image a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model looks at to classify the image as a way to explain its working. These methods provide an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Sam Zabdiel Sunder Samuel , Vidhya Kamakshi , Namrata Lodhi , Narayanan C Krishnan

We present Feature-Align CNN (FA-CNN), a prototype CNN architecture with intrinsic class attribution through end-to-end feature alignment. Our intuition is that the use of unordered operations such as Linear and Conv2D layers cause…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Parniyan Farvardin , David Chapman

Deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) have recently been shown in many computer vision and pattern recog- nition applications to outperform by a significant margin state- of-the-art solutions that use traditional hand-crafted features.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-04-22 Yi Hou , Hong Zhang , Shilin Zhou

We consider a light-weight method which allows to improve the explainability of localized classification networks. The method considers (Grad)CAM maps during the training process by modification of the training loss and does not require…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Alfred Schöttl

Extracting class activation maps (CAM) is a key step for weakly-supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS). The CAM of convolution neural networks fails to capture long-range feature dependency on the image and result in the coverage on only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Jianqiang Huang , Jian Wang , Qianru Sun , Hanwang Zhang

Clinical decision support using deep neural networks has become a topic of steadily growing interest. While recent work has repeatedly demonstrated that deep learning offers major advantages for medical image classification over traditional…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-10 Alexander Katzmann , Oliver Taubmann , Stephen Ahmad , Alexander Mühlberg , Michael Sühling , Horst-Michael Groß

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) offer great machine learning performance over a range of applications, but their operation is hard to interpret, even for experts. Various explanation algorithms have been proposed to address this issue,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Ahmed Alqaraawi , Martin Schuessler , Philipp Weiß , Enrico Costanza , Nadia Berthouze

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. Diagnosis of breast cancer by the pathologists is a time-consuming procedure and subjective. Computer aided diagnosis frameworks are utilized to relieve pathologist…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Bahareh Morovati , Reza Lashgari , Mojtaba Hajihasani , Hasti Shabani

Deep learning based on deep neural networks has been very successful in many practical applications, but it lacks enough theoretical understanding due to the network architectures and structures. In this paper we establish some analysis for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Jianfei Li , Han Feng , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Image search can be tackled using deep features from pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). The feature map from the last convolutional layer of a CNN encodes descriptive information from which a discriminative global descriptor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-11 J. I. Forcen , Miguel Pagola , Edurne Barrenechea , Humberto Bustince

Significant progress has been achieved on the improvement and downstream usages of the Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training (CLIP) vision-language model, while less attention is paid to the interpretation of CLIP. We propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Chenyang Zhao , Kun Wang , Janet H. Hsiao , Antoni B. Chan

We study how to evaluate the quantitative information content of a region within an image for a particular label. To this end, we bridge class activation maps with information theory. We develop an informative class activation map…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Zhenyue Qin , Dongwoo Kim , Tom Gedeon