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Contrastive language-audio pretraining (CLAP) is widely used for audio generation and recognition tasks. For example, CLAPScore, which utilizes the similarity of CLAP embeddings, has been a major metric for the evaluation of the relevance…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Taisei Takano , Yuki Okamoto , Yusuke Kanamori , Yuki Saito , Ryotaro Nagase , Hiroshi Saruwatari

Many audio processing tasks require perceptual assessment. The ``gold standard`` of obtaining human judgments is time-consuming, expensive, and cannot be used as an optimization criterion. On the other hand, automated metrics are efficient…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-19 Pranay Manocha , Adam Finkelstein , Richard Zhang , Nicholas J. Bryan , Gautham J. Mysore , Zeyu Jin

Humans can learn concepts or recognize items from just a handful of examples, while machines require many more samples to perform the same task. In this paper, we build a computational model to investigate the possibility of this kind of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-09 Wen-Chieh Fang , Yi-ting Chiang

This paper proposes a novel formulation of prototypical loss with mixup for speaker verification. Mixup is a simple yet efficient data augmentation technique that fabricates a weighted combination of random data point and label pairs for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-13 Xin Zhang , Minho Jin , Roger Cheng , Ruirui Li , Eunjung Han , Andreas Stolcke

The availability of large, unlabeled datasets across various domains has contributed to the development of a plethora of methods that learn representations for multiple target (downstream) tasks through self-supervised pre-training. In this…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Christos Garoufis , Athanasia Zlatintsi , Petros Maragos

Recent work has compared neural network representations via similarity-based analyses to improve model interpretation. The quality of a similarity measure is typically evaluated by its success in assigning a high score to representations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Adir Rahamim , Yonatan Belinkov

Subjective evaluations are critical for assessing the perceptual realism of sounds in audio-synthesis driven technologies like augmented and virtual reality. However, they are challenging to set up, fatiguing for users, and expensive. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-22 Pranay Manocha , Anurag Kumar , Buye Xu , Anjali Menon , Israel D. Gebru , Vamsi K. Ithapu , Paul Calamia

A fundamental characteristic of audio is its compositional nature. Audio-language models (ALMs) trained using a contrastive approach (e.g., CLAP) that learns a shared representation between audio and language modalities have improved…

Learning robust audio representations currently demands extensive datasets of real-world sound recordings. By applying artificial transformations to these recordings, models can learn to recognize similarities despite subtle variations…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Manuel Cherep , Nikhil Singh

Several automatic approaches for objective music performance assessment (MPA) have been proposed in the past, however, existing systems are not yet capable of reliably predicting ratings with the same accuracy as professional judges. This…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Pavan Seshadri , Alexander Lerch

We present a multimodal framework to learn general audio representations from videos. Existing contrastive audio representation learning methods mainly focus on using the audio modality alone during training. In this work, we show that…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-04-29 Luyu Wang , Pauline Luc , Adria Recasens , Jean-Baptiste Alayrac , Aaron van den Oord

Contrastive learning has become a popular approach in natural language processing, particularly for the learning of sentence embeddings. However, the discrete nature of natural language makes it difficult to ensure the quality of positive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Qinyuan Cheng , Xiaogui Yang , Tianxiang Sun , Linyang Li , Xipeng Qiu

Modeling temporal characteristics plays a significant role in the representation learning of audio waveform. We propose Contrastive Long-form Language-Audio Pretraining (\textbf{CoLLAP}) to significantly extend the perception window for…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Junda Wu , Warren Li , Zachary Novack , Amit Namburi , Carol Chen , Julian McAuley

Contrastive learning has gained popularity and pushes state-of-the-art performance across numerous large-scale benchmarks. In contrastive learning, the contrastive loss function plays a pivotal role in discerning similarities between…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Haojin Deng , Yimin Yang

Perceptual sound matching (PSM) aims to find the input parameters to a synthesizer so as to best imitate an audio target. Deep learning for PSM optimizes a neural network to analyze and reconstruct prerecorded samples. In this context, our…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Han Han , Vincent Lostanlen , Mathieu Lagrange

Recent methods for deep metric learning have been focusing on designing different contrastive loss functions between positive and negative pairs of samples so that the learned feature embedding is able to pull positive samples of the same…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Shichao Kan , Zhiquan He , Yigang Cen , Yang Li , Vladimir Mladenovic , Zhihai He

Lyrics alignment gained considerable attention in recent years. State-of-the-art systems either re-use established speech recognition toolkits, or design end-to-end solutions involving a Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) loss.…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Simon Durand , Daniel Stoller , Sebastian Ewert

A fundamental challenge in artificial intelligence is learning useful representations of data that yield good performance on a downstream task, without overfitting to spurious input features. Extracting such task-relevant predictive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Saeid Asgari Taghanaki , Kristy Choi , Amir Khasahmadi , Anirudh Goyal

Learning good representations involves capturing the diverse ways in which data samples relate. Contrastive loss - an objective matching related samples - underlies methods from self-supervised to multimodal learning. Contrastive losses,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Vlad Sobal , Mark Ibrahim , Randall Balestriero , Vivien Cabannes , Diane Bouchacourt , Pietro Astolfi , Kyunghyun Cho , Yann LeCun

Open-vocabulary audio language models (ALMs), like Contrastive Language Audio Pretraining (CLAP), represent a promising new paradigm for audio-text retrieval using natural language queries. In this paper, for the first time, we perform…

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